Shifting pattern of diabetes among the elderly in India: Evidence from the national sample survey organization's data, 2004–2014

AbstractIntroductionThere are limited evidences on the determinants of hospitalization and its causes in India. We examined the differential in the hospitalization rates and its socio-economic determinants. We also examined the causes of diseases in hospitalization among the elderly (≥60 years) in India.MethodsWe used data from 75th round of the National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The elderly samples in this survey are 42759, where 11070 were hospitalized, and 31,689 were not hospitalized in the last year or 365 days. We estimated hospitalization rates and carried out binary logistic regression analysis to examine the associations of hospitalization with the background variables. The cause of diseases in hospitalizations were also calculated.ResultsHospitalization rate was lower among female elderly compared to male elderly. Elderly who belongs to middle-old aged groups, non-married, North-Eastern region, Southern region, general caste, health insurance, partially & fully economically dependent elderly have a higher chance of being hospitalized. About 38% elderly were hospitalized due to communicable diseases (CDs), 52% due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and 10% due to Injuries & others. Nearly 40% elderly were hospitalized in public hospitals due to CDs, while 52% were hospitalized in private hospitals due to NCDs and 11% due to Injuries & others.ConclusionsRaising awareness, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and improving the quality of good healthcare provisions at the primary level is necessary. Early screening and early treatment for NCDs are needed, which is non-existent in almost all parts of India.

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Equity and Elderly Health in India: Reflections from 75th Round National Sample Survey, 2017-18, amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41285/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alok Ranjan ◽

Muraleedharan V R

Keyword(s):

Living Arrangements ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Outpatient Visit ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The Elderly ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Income Quintile ◽

General Category ◽

National Sample Survey

Abstract Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, called coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19), has affected more than 200 countries across the globe with a higher fatality rate in the elderly population. Historical experience shows that the pandemic disproportionately afflicts the socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Aim of the study is to highlight the vulnerability of the aged amidst the current pandemic, in the light of the recent international evidence, and what government could do to mitigate their vulnerability.Methods: Data from the recently released (November 2019) 75 th Round National Sample Survey (NSS), which was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018, across 8077 rural villages and 6181 urban wards was used for this study. Data collected from 555115 individuals (rural: 325232; urban: 229232) included that of 42762 elderly individuals (60 years or above). Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used for the calculation.Results: 27.7 % of elderly reported suffering from any ailment in the last 15 days, whereas 8.5% had hospitalization during the last 365 days. Hospitalization rate was higher in the urban areas (OR: 1.21), general category (OR: 1.18), richest economic quintile (OR: 1.68), and among elderly living alone (OR: 2.05), which was statistically significant. 64% of the scheduled tribe and 51.0% of the poorest income quintile elderly utilized public facilities during hospitalization. Cardiovascular ailments were major cause for hospitalization (18.1%) and outpatient visit (32.0%) in the elderly. Diabetes and hypertension together constituted 55% of outpatient visit for the elderly. 18.9% of the elderly has health insurance though chances of facing catastrophic health expenditure was high in the elderly. 6.6% of elderly female and 1.6% male live alone, and 27.5% of elderly of age 80 years or above are immobile. 50% of male and 90% of female are financially dependent on others and more so in poorer economic quintiles.Conclusions: The vulnerability of India’s elderly increases across various equity dimensions which include the place of residence, gender, caste, marital status, economic quintile, living arrangements, surviving children, and economic dependence. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses a greater risk of social isolation among the elderly, which may lead to detrimental health impact.Trial Registration: No applicable since the study is based on secondary data.

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Equity and Elderly Health in India: Reflections from 75th Round National Sample Survey, 2017-18, amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41285/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alok Ranjan ◽

Muraleedharan V R

Keyword(s):

Living Arrangements ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Outpatient Visit ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Impact ◽

National Sample ◽

Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Income Quintile ◽

National Sample Survey

Abstract Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, called coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19), has affected more than 200 countries across the globe with a higher fatality rate among the elderly population. Aim of the study is to highlight the vulnerability of the aged amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic, and in the light of the recent international evidence, suggests what government could do to mitigate their vulnerability. Methods: Data from the recently released (November 2019) 75 th Round National Sample Survey (NSS), which was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018, across 8077 rural villages and 6181 urban wards was used for this study. Data collected from 555115 individuals (rural: 325232; urban: 229232) included that of 42762 elderly individuals (60 years or above). Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used for the calculation. Results: 27.7 % of elderly reported suffering from any ailment in the last 15 days, whereas 8.5% had hospitalization during the last 365 days. Among the elderly, hospitalization rate was higher in the urban areas (OR: 1.23), general social category (OR: 1.18), richest economic quintile (OR: 1.69), and among those living alone (OR: 2.40). Also, among the elderly, 64% of those in the scheduled tribe (social class) and 51.0% in the poorest income quintile utilized public facilities for hospitalization. “Cardiovascular ailments” was a major cause for hospitalization (18.1%) and outpatient visit (32.0%) among the elderly. Diabetes and hypertension together constituted 55% of outpatient visit for the elderly. 18.9% of the elderly had health insurance though chances of facing catastrophic health expenditure was high among the elderly. 6.6% of elderly female and 1.6% male live alone, and 27.5% of age 80 years and above are immobile. 50% of male and 90% of female are financially dependent on others and more so in poorer economic quintiles. Conclusions: The vulnerability of India’s elderly increases across economic levels, and other dimensions such as the place of residence, gender, caste, marital status, living arrangements, surviving children, and economic dependence. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses a greater risk of social isolation among the elderly, which may cause detrimental health impact.

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Equity and elderly health in India: reflections from 75th round National Sample Survey, 2017–18, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-020-00619-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alok Ranjan ◽

V. R. Muraleedharan

Keyword(s):

Social Group ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Outpatient Visit ◽

The Elderly ◽

Total Sample ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

National Sample Survey

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, called coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19), has affected more than 200 countries across the globe with a higher fatality rate among the elderly population. Aim of the study is to highlight the vulnerability of the aged amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic, and in the light of the recent international evidence, suggests what government could do to mitigate their vulnerability. Methods Data from the recently released (November 2019) 75th Round National Sample Survey (NSS), which was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018, across 8077 rural villages and 6181 urban wards was used for this study. Data collected from 555,115 individuals (rural: 325,232; urban: 229,232) included 42,762 elderly individuals (60 years or above). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used for the calculation. Results Of the total sample of elderly individuals, 27.7% reported suffering from an ailment in the last 15 days, whereas 8.5% had been hospitalized during the last 365 days. Among the elderly, hospitalization rate was higher in the urban areas (OR: 1.23), general social category (OR: 1.18), richest economic quintile (OR: 1.69), and among those living alone (OR: 2.40). Also, among the elderly, 64% of those in the scheduled tribe (social group) and 51% in the poorest economic quintile utilized public facilities for hospitalization. Cardiovascular ailments were the major cause for hospitalization (18.1%) and outpatient visit (32%) among the elderly. Ailments related to diabetes and hypertension constituted 55% of outpatient visit for the elderly. Only 18.9% of the elderly had health insurance though chances of facing catastrophic health expenditures were high among the elderly. 6.6% of elderly female and 1.6% male live alone, and 27.5% of age 80 years and above are immobile. 50% of male and 90% of female are financially dependent on others and more so in poorer economic quintiles. Conclusions The vulnerability of India’s elderly increases across economic levels, and other dimensions such as the place of residence, gender, social group (caste), marital status, living arrangements, surviving children, and economic dependence. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses a greater risk of social isolation among the elderly, which may cause detrimental health impact. Trial registration Not applicable since the study is based on secondary data.

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Untreated morbidity and treatment-seeking behaviour among the elderly in India: Analysis based on National Sample Survey 2004 and 2014

SSM - Population Health ◽

10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 100557 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shobhit Srivastava ◽

Anayat Gill

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

National Sample Survey

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IS HEALTH STATUS OF ELDERLY WORSENING IN INDIA? A COMPARISON OF SUCCESSIVE ROUNDS OF NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY DATA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932010000623 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 211-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

ZAKIR HUSAIN ◽

SASWATA GHOSH

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Economic Status ◽

Health Care Expenditure ◽

The Elderly ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

National Sample Survey ◽

Level Data ◽

Reported Health

SummaryThe increasing greying of India's population raises concerns about the welfare and health status of the aged. One important source of information of health status of the elderly is the National Sample Survey Rounds on Morbidity and Health Care Expenditure. Using unit-level data for 1995–96 and 2004, this paper examines changes in reported health status of the elderly in India and analyses their relationship with living arrangements and extent of economic dependency. It appears that even after controlling for factors like caste, education, age, economic status and place of residence, there has been a deterioration in self-perceived current health status of the elderly. The paper argues that, although there have been changes in the economic condition and traditional living arrangements – with a decline in co-residential arrangements – this is not enough to explain the decline in reported health status and calls for a closer look at narratives of neglect being voiced in developing countries.

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Equity and Elderly Health in India: Reflections from 75th Round National Sample Survey, 2017-18, amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41285/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alok Ranjan ◽

Muraleedharan V R

Keyword(s):

Living Arrangements ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Outpatient Visit ◽

The Elderly ◽

National Sample ◽

Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Income Quintile ◽

General Category ◽

National Sample Survey

Abstract Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, called coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19), has affected more than 200 countries across the globe with a higher fatality rate in the elderly population. Historical experience shows that the pandemic disproportionately afflicts the socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Aim of the study is to highlight the vulnerability of the aged amidst the current pandemic, in the light of the recent international evidence, and what government could do to mitigate their vulnerability. Methods: Data from the recently released (November 2019) 75 th Round National Sample Survey (NSS), which was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018, across 8077 rural villages and 6181 urban wards was used for this study. Data collected from 555115 individuals (rural: 325232; urban: 229232) included that of 42762 elderly individuals (60 years or above). Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used for the calculation. Results: 27.7 % of elderly reported suffering from any ailment in the last 15 days, whereas 8.5% had hospitalization during the last 365 days. Hospitalization rate was higher in the urban areas (OR: 1.21), general category (OR: 1.18), richest economic quintile (OR: 1.68), and among elderly living alone (OR: 2.05), which was statistically significant. 64% of the scheduled tribe and 51.0% of the poorest income quintile elderly utilized public facilities during hospitalization. Cardiovascular ailments were major cause for hospitalization (18.1%) and outpatient visit (32.0%) in the elderly. Diabetes and hypertension together constituted 55% of outpatient visit for the elderly. 18.9% of the elderly has health insurance though chances of facing catastrophic health expenditure was high in the elderly. 6.6% of elderly female and 1.6% male live alone, and 27.5% of elderly of age 80 years or above are immobile. 50% of male and 90% of female are financially dependent on others and more so in poorer economic quintiles. Conclusions: The vulnerability of India’s elderly increases across various equity dimensions which include the place of residence, gender, caste, marital status, economic quintile, living arrangements, surviving children, and economic dependence. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses a greater risk of social isolation among the elderly, which may lead to detrimental health impact.

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