Damage to the Optic Chiasm in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein–Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice

Optic chiasm lesions in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)–experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and validated using electron microscopy (EM). MR images were collected from 3 days after induction to remission, approximately 20 days after induction. Hematoxylin and eosin, solochrome cyanin–stained sections, and EM images were obtained from the optic chiasms of some mice approximately 4 days after disease onset when their scores were thought to be the highest. T2-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient map hyperintensities corresponded to abnormalities in the optic chiasms of EAE mice. Mixed inflammation was concentrated at the lateral surface. Degeneration of oligodendrocytes, myelin, and early axonal damage were also apparent. A marked increase in chiasm thickness was observed. T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI can detect abnormalities in the optic chiasms of MOG-EAE mice. MRI is an important method in the study of this model toward understanding optic neuritis.

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Characterization of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55-specific CD8+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Chinese Medical Journal ◽

10.1097/cm9.0000000000000551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 132 (24) ◽

pp. 2934-2940

Author(s):

Yong Peng ◽

Fei-Zhou Zhu ◽

Zhi-Xing Chen ◽

Jian-Xiong Zhou ◽

Lu Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

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Modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through colonisation of the gut with Escherichia coli

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2020.0012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.E. Libbey ◽

J.M.S. Sanchez ◽

B.A. Fleming ◽

D.J. Doty ◽

A.B. DePaula-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Coli Strain ◽

Preclinical Model ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Cns Inflammation ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects young adults. It is characterised by the development of demyelinating lesions and inflammation within the CNS. Although the causes of MS are still elusive, recent work using patient samples and experimental animal models has demonstrated a strong relationship between the gut microbiota and its contribution to CNS inflammation and MS. While there is no cure for MS, alteration of the gut microbiota composition through the use of probiotics is a very promising treatment. However, while most recent works have focused on the use of probiotics to modify pre-existing disease, little is known about its role in protecting from the establishment of MS. In this study, we determined whether colonisation with the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) could be used as a prophylactic strategy to prevent or alter the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS. We found that double gavage (two doses) of EcN before induction of EAE delayed disease onset and decreased disease severity. We also found that EcN-treated mice had decreased amounts of perivascular cuffing, CD4+ T cell infiltration into the CNS, together with significantly decreased absolute numbers of Th1 cells, and reduced activation of microglia. Although further studies are necessary to comprehend the exact protective mechanisms induced, our study supports a promising use of EcN as a probiotic for the prevention of MS.

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