Initial Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels under Airborne Sea Salt Deposition and Artificial Seawater Droplet

Abstract. For the prediction of episodic acidification large uncertainties are connected to climatic variability and its effect on drought conditions and sea-salt episodes. In this study data on 342 hydrological episodes in 25 Swedish streams, sampled over 10 years, have been analyzed using a recently developed episode model. The results demonstrate that drought is the most important factor modulating the magnitude of the anthropogenic influence on pH and ANC during episodes. These modulating effects are especially pronounced in southern and central Sweden, where the historically high acid deposition has resulted in significant S pools in catchment soils. The results also suggest that the effects of episodic acidification are becoming less severe in many streams, but this amelioration is less clear in coastal streams subject to high levels of sea-salt deposition. Concurrently with the amelioration of the effects of episodic acidification, regional climate models predict that temperatures will increase in Sweden during the coming decades, accompanied by reductions in summer precipitation and more frequent storms during fall and winter in large areas of the country. If these predictions are realized delays in streams' recovery from episodic acidification events can be expected.

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Sea Salt Deposition Effect on Output and Efficiency Losses of the Photovoltaic System; a case study in Palembang, Indonesia

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1167 ◽

pp. 012028 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Firdaus Setiawan ◽

Tresna Dewi ◽

Syahirman Yusi

Keyword(s):

Sea Salt ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Salt Deposition ◽

System A ◽

Efficiency Losses ◽

Sea Salt Deposition ◽

Deposition Effect

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Recovery from episodic acidification delayed by drought and high sea salt deposition

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-12-363-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 363-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

H. Laudon

Keyword(s):

Climate Models ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Summer Precipitation ◽

Regional Climate Models ◽

Study Data ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Episodic Acidification ◽

Salt Deposition ◽

Sea Salt Deposition

Abstract. For the prediction of episodic acidification large uncertainties are connected to climatic variability and its effect on drought conditions and sea-salt episodes. In this study data on 342 hydrological episodes in 25 Swedish streams, sampled over 10 years, have been analyzed using a recently developed episode model. The results demonstrate that drought is the most important factor modulating the magnitude of the anthropogenic influence on pH and ANC during episodes. These modulating effects are especially pronounced in southern and central Sweden, where the historically high acid deposition has resulted in significant S pools in catchment soils. The results also suggest that the effects of episodic acidification are becoming less severe in many streams, but this amelioration is less clear in coastal streams subject to high levels of sea-salt deposition. Concurrently with the amelioration of the effects of episodic acidification, regional climate models predict that temperatures will increase in Sweden during the coming decades, accompanied by reductions in summer precipitation and more frequent storms during fall and winter in large areas of the country. If these predictions are realized delays in streams' recovery from episodic acidification events can be expected.

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Spatial Distribution of Sea Salt Deposition in a Coastal Pinus thunbergii Forest

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102682 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2682

Author(s):

Akira Haraguchi ◽

Masato Sakaki

Keyword(s):

Forest Canopy ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Base Cations ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Deposition Process ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Black Pine ◽

Soil Infiltration ◽

Salt Deposition ◽

Sea Salt Deposition

We investigated the sea salt deposition process on the soil in a coastal black pine (Pinusthunbergii Parlatore) forest in Japan with reference to sea salt scavenging by the forest canopy and the following washout by precipitation. We collected throughfall and soil-infiltration water along transects crossing the coastal forest and measured the water chemistry—electric conductivity, pH, major cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), major anions (Cl−, SO42−, NO2−, NO3−, and PO43−), and total organic carbon—at 10-m intervals on the survey transects. Leaching of base cations from surface soil kept lower acidity of soil water in the evergreen broadleaf forest, whereas soil infiltration water was acidified in the soil surface in the P. thunbergii forest. Hot spots of sea salt deposition on the soil surface were observed at hollows of the ground surface, slope-facing coastal line, or sites with an abrupt increase in height where the canopy faces the coast. However, the edge effect in sea salt scavenging was not evident in the juvenile stand at the forest edge, which had a height of <5 m. The sea salt deposition was only evident in the coastal black pine forest with canopy height >10 m.

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The influence of regional circulation patterns on wet and dry mineral dust and sea salt deposition over Greenland

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-006-0211-z ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 635-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. A. Hutterli ◽

T. Crueger ◽

H. Fischer ◽

K. K. Andersen ◽

C. C. Raible ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Dust ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Salt Deposition ◽

Regional Circulation ◽

Circulation Patterns ◽

Sea Salt Deposition

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Effect of fog on sea salt deposition on peat soil in boreal Picea glehnii forests in Ochiishi, eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Ecological Research ◽

10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00580.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 587-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tsutomu Iyobe ◽

Akira Haraguchi ◽

Hiroki Nishijima ◽

Hideo Tomizawa ◽

Fumihiko Nishio

Keyword(s):

Peat Soil ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Picea Glehnii ◽

Salt Deposition ◽

Sea Salt Deposition

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Atmospheric salt deposition in a tropical mountain rainforest at the eastern Andean slopes of south Ecuador – Pacific or Atlantic origin?

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-16-10241-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (15) ◽

pp. 10241-10261 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sandro Makowski Giannoni ◽

Katja Trachte ◽

Ruetger Rollenbeck ◽

Lukas Lehnert ◽

Julia Fuchs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Salt ◽

Equatorial Atlantic ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Air Masses ◽

Salt Deposition ◽

The North ◽

The Andes ◽

Tropical Mountain ◽

Southern Ecuador ◽

Sea Salt Deposition

Abstract. Sea salt (NaCl) has recently been proven to be of the utmost importance for ecosystem functioning in Amazon lowland forests because of its impact on herbivory, litter decomposition and, thus, carbon cycling. Sea salt deposition should generally decline as distance from its marine source increases. For the Amazon, a negative east–west gradient of sea salt availability is assumed as a consequence of the barrier effect of the Andes Mountains for Pacific air masses. However, this generalized pattern may not hold for the tropical mountain rainforest in the Andes of southern Ecuador. To analyse sea salt availability, we investigated the deposition of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−), which are good proxies of sea spray aerosol. Because of the complexity of the terrain and related cloud and rain formation processes, sea salt deposition was analysed from both, rain and occult precipitation (OP) along an altitudinal gradient over a period between 2004 and 2009. To assess the influence of easterly and westerly air masses on the deposition of sodium and chloride over southern Ecuador, sea salt aerosol concentration data from the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) reanalysis data set and back-trajectory statistical methods were combined. Our results, based on deposition time series, show a clear difference in the temporal variation of sodium and chloride concentration and Na+ ∕ Cl− ratio in relation to height and exposure to winds. At higher elevations, sodium and chloride present a higher seasonality and the Na+ ∕ Cl− ratio is closer to that of sea salt. Medium- to long-range sea salt transport exhibited a similar seasonality, which shows the link between our measurements at high elevations and the sea salt synoptic transport. Although the influence of the easterlies was predominant regarding the atmospheric circulation, the statistical analysis of trajectories and hybrid receptor models revealed a stronger impact of the north equatorial Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific sea salt sources on the atmospheric sea salt concentration in southern Ecuador. The highest concentration in rain and cloud water was found between September and February when air masses originated from the north equatorial Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea and the equatorial Pacific. Together, these sources accounted for around 82.4 % of the sea salt budget over southern Ecuador.

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