Korea: the new first battleground for the high stakes poker game of pharmaceutical patent litigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Jeong Yeol Choe ◽  
Kyung Ae Yoon ◽  
Samuel Lee
Keyword(s):  
Patent Litigation ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Poker Game ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patent

Generic Entry Before the Agreed-Upon Date in Pharmaceutical Patent Settlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-219
Author(s):  
Keith M Drake ◽  
Thomas G McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Patent Litigation ◽  
Generic Entry ◽  
Early Entry ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Drug Patent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patent ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACT Drug patent litigation settlements specify a date for generic entry and typically include a so-called acceleration clause allowing the generic to enter earlier in certain circumstances. An agreed-upon date between a brand and a generic with “first-filer” status is particularly salient because this date also affects when other generics may enter. It has been unclear the degree to which acceleration clauses increase competition—by accelerating entry—or decrease competition, by deterring pursuit of entry by potential generic competitors. This paper documents the entry outcome after first-filer-brand settlements by tracking how often acceleration clauses in these settlements in fact accelerate entry. In no case was a first filer’s 180-day exclusivity period accelerated because of a later filing generic winning patent litigation or settling for an earlier entry date. In the cases where early entry occurred, the first filer had lost its right to the exclusivity period, typically by failing to receive tentative FDA approval within 30 months of its filing; or other generics shared first-filer status. An acceleration clause paired with the 180-day exclusivity period appears to effectively deter other generics and, at least in the instances we observed, never to have resulted in an actual “accelerated” entry.

Democrazy—Dem Go Craze, O: Monitoring the 1999 Nigerian Elections

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Darren Kew
Keyword(s):  
Transition Program ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Military

In many respects, the least important part of the 1999 elections were the elections themselves. From the beginning of General Abdusalam Abubakar’s transition program in mid-1998, most Nigerians who were not part of the wealthy “political class” of elites—which is to say, most Nigerians— adopted their usual politically savvy perspective of siddon look (sit and look). They waited with cautious optimism to see what sort of new arrangement the military would allow the civilian politicians to struggle over, and what in turn the civilians would offer the public. No one had any illusions that anything but high-stakes bargaining within the military and the political class would determine the structures of power in the civilian government. Elections would influence this process to the extent that the crowd influences a soccer match.

School Success and School Engagement of Immigrant Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Individual

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.

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