V. ARTIFICIAL CONJUGATED ANTIGENS. SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Simple Chemical

Experimental study of hydrodynamic effects in the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions flow in microchannels

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Rakhimov ◽  
A.T. Akhmetov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Dynamic Blocking ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effects

The paper presents results of hydrodynamic and rheological studies of the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions. The success of the application of invert emulsions in the petroleum industry due, along with the high viscosity of the emulsion, greatly exceeding the viscosity of the carrier phase, the dynamic blocking effect, which consists in the fact that the rate of flow of emulsions in capillary structures and cracks falls with time to 3-4 orders, despite the permanent pressure drop. The reported study shows an increase in viscosity with increasing concentration or dispersion of emulsion. The increase in dispersion of w/o emulsion leads to an acceleration of the onset of dynamic blocking. The use of microfluidic devices, is made by soft photolithography, along with high-speed photography (10,000 frames/s), allowed us to see in the blocking condition the deformation of the microdroplets of water in inverse emulsion prepared from simple chemical compounds.

Atopy to simple chemical compounds—Sulfonechloramides

1945 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Feinberg ◽  
Robert M. Watrous
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Simple Chemical

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO SENSITIZATION WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Battisto ◽  
Merrill W. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Picryl Chloride

Guinea pigs fed picryl chloride to induce specific immunologic unresponsiveness cleared small amounts of venously infused antipicryl antibody at a rate equal to that of normal guinea pigs. Catabolism of passively administered picryl-specific antibody did not alter the unresponsive state of picryl chloride-fed guinea pigs or the responsive state of normal guinea pigs. Lymphoid cells of picryl chloride immunized guinea pigs produced equal amounts of picryl-specific antibody in picryl chloride-fed and normal animals. Allergen-fed guinea pigs remained unresponsive to attempted sensitization with the allergen in excess of 10 months after the final feeding, though some became feebly sensitive between 9 and 11 months. Second attempts to make unresponsive animals hypersensitive were unsuccessful. White blood cells of guinea pigs unresponsive to picryl chloride were unable to transfer delayed-type hypersensitivity for picryl chloride to normal recipients yet readily transferred tuberculin hypersensitivity.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

1940 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Landsteiner ◽  
M. W. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Picryl Chloride ◽  
Dermal Application

A method has been described by which sensitization to a simple chemical, picryl chloride (2:4:6 trinitrochlorobenzene), can be satisfactorily attained by means of intraperitoneal injection of the compound when killed tubercle bacilli suspended in paraffin oil were used as adjuvant. Sensitivity of the contact dermatitis type results therefrom. It follows that although skin sensitization of this type is most easily obtained by dermal application this route of administration is no necessary condition for such sensitivity.

scholarly journals The soft X-ray spectroscopy of solids, II. Emission spectra from simple chemical compounds

1940 ◽  
Vol 176 (965) ◽  
pp. 229-262 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Difficult Subject

K - and L -emission bands, emitted in the soft X -ray region of the spectrum by atoms in a number of chemical compounds, have been investigated. The substances for which such spectra are available through the present or previous work are: fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides; oxides, sulphides; boron nitride and other boron com pounds; and carbides. In the cases of SiC, BN and a number of oxides, spectra from both the component atom s forming the com pound have been obtained. The results are interpreted, as those for metals and element-insulators have been in a previous paper (Skinner 1940), to give the characteristics of the bands of levels which exist for the valence-electrons in the normal state of the substance. In the case of the halides, data on the p - and s -levels of the negative ions are given, and it is shown that, even in this case, the crystal structure leaves its mark on the form of the bands of levels. The 2 p -bands of oxygen from most oxides are more spread-out on an energy scale, thus showing that the interaction between electrons in neighbouring atoms is considerable. The spectra of the metal ions in oxides are very complex, and an attempt is made to disentangle the factors which lead to this complication. In doing so, it is hoped that we may have thrown some light on the difficult subject of the structure of semi-polar compounds in solid form.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Landsteiner ◽  
M. W. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Latency Period ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Lymph Vessels ◽  
First Case ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Poison Ivy

Experiments are described on the latency period in sensitization to poison ivy and on the time necessary for the agent to remain in contact with the skin. The chief matter of investigation concerned the manner in which the whole skin becomes sensitive following treatment at a particular site, and especially whether this is effected by way of the epidermis. Two methods were used to interrupt the continuity of the skin, one by cutting through both skin and the underlying thin muscular layer, the other by removing a strip of skin so as to spare the skin muscle. These procedures led to different results when poison ivy extract was applied to the areas thus isolated. In the first case, sensitization was mostly prevented, whereas with the second method generalized hypersensitiveness occurred almost uniformly. An explanation is to be found in the severance of the lymph vessels lying on the surface of the muscular layer, pointing to the necessity of a free lymph passage. On the other hand the experiments prove that general sensitization is not dependent upon maintaining the integrity of the skin around a treated area. An inhibition of sensitization by incisions extending through the panniculus carnosus was seen to some extent in anaphylactic sensitization with protein antigens, namely when sufficiently small amounts were employed.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Landsteiner ◽  
John Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Simple Chemical

Experiments are described which show that with a given treatment guinea pigs can be sensitized to arsphenamine, so that a considerable percentage die in anaphylactic shock on intravenous administration of the substance.

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