scholarly journals Assessment of Empiric Vancomycin Regimen in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Author(s):  
Ruthdol Ywaya ◽  
Brandi Newby

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Vancomycin is used to treat serious gram-positive infections in neonates. Currently, there is no consensus on the preferred empiric dosing regimen or target trough vancomycin levels for neonates. The current Fraser Health empiric dosing regimen, implemented in 2010, was designed to achieve target trough levels of 5 to 15 mg/L. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To determine the percentage of neonates receiving vancomycin in whom target trough levels of 5 to 15 mg/L were achieved, to identify the times to negative culture result and clinical resolution, and to determine the incidence of nephrotoxicity.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A chart review was completed for patients who had received vancomycin in the neonatal intensive care unit of either Surrey Memorial Hospital or Royal Columbian Hospital from June 2012 to May 2017 and for whom at least 1 interpretable vancomycin level was available. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 87 vancomycin encounters (in 78 neonates) were identified in which the drug had been given according to the Fraser Health empiric dosing regimen. Target trough vancomycin level (5 to 15 mg/L) was achieved in 75% of these encounters. The mean times to negative culture result and clinical resolution were 5 and 6 days, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between vancomycin level <br />and time to clinical resolution (rs = 0.366, p = 0.072). Among cases in which the trough vancomycin level exceeded 15 mg/L, the incidence of<br />nephrotoxicity was 22% (4/18). <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The current Fraser Health empiric dosing regimen for vancomycin achieved target trough levels of the drug for most neonates in this study. Targeting trough levels less than 15 mg/L when appropriate to the infection type may limit nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin in neonates. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of various vancomycin levels.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong><br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Contexte :</strong> La vancomycine est utilisée dans le traitement d’infections graves à bactéries à Gram positif chez le nouveau-né. Il n’y a pour l’instant pas de consensus quant à la posologie empirique ou aux concentrations minimales visées de vancomycine à privilégier chez le nouveau-né. La posologie empirique actuelle de la Fraser Health, instaurée en 2010, visait des concentrations minimales de 5 à 15 mg/L. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objectifs :</strong> Déterminer le pourcentage de nouveau-nés ayant reçu les concentrations minimales visées de 5 à 15 mg/L de vancomycine, établir le temps nécessaire à l’obtention d’un résultat de culture négatif et celui nécessaire à la disparition clinique des symptômes et déterminer l’incidence de la néphrotoxicité.</p><p><strong>Méthodes :</strong> Les investigateurs ont analysé des dossiers de patients ayant reçu de la vancomycine pendant leur séjour à l’unité de soins intensifs néonatals du Surrey Memorial Hospital ou du Royal Columbian Hospital entre juin 2012 et mai 2017, qui mentionnaient au moins une concentration de vancomycine interprétable. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Résultats :</strong> Ils ont répertorié 87 traitements de vancomycine (chez 78 nouveau-nés) administrés selon la posologie empirique de la Fraser Health. Les concentrations minimales visées de 5 à 15 mg/L ont été atteintes dans 75 % de ces traitements. Le temps moyen nécessaire à l’obtention d’un résultat de culture négatif ou à la disparition clinique des symptômes était respectivement de cinq et de six jours. Aucune corrélation statistiquement significative entre les concentrations de vancomycine et le temps nécessaire à la disparition clinique des symptômes n’a été relevée (rs = 0,366, p = 0,072). Parmi les cas où les concentrations minimales de vancomycine dépassaient 15 mg/L, l’incidence de néphrotoxicité était de 22 % (4/18). <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions :</strong> La posologie empirique de vancomycine actuellement en place à la Fraser Health a permis d’atteindre les concentrations minimales visées de médicament pour la plupart des nouveau-nés de la présente étude. Cibler des concentrations minimales de moins de 15 mg/L lorsque cela est pertinent en fonction du type d’infection pourrait limiter le nombre de cas de néphrotoxicité associés à la vancomycine chez les nouveau-nés. De plus amples études sont nécessaires pour évaluer la portée clinique de différentes concentrations de vancomycine.</p>

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Duchon ◽  
Philip Graham ◽  
Phyllis Della-Latta ◽  
Susan Whittier ◽  
Diane Carp ◽  
...  

We performed an epidemiological investigation of a 62-bed neonatal intensive care unit in response to 2 infants with clinical cultures positive for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Surveillance cultures detected 11 infants colonized with VRE. Surveillance triggered by even a single clinical culture positive for VRE may be justified in the neonatal intensive care unit, because a single culture result may represent a large hidden reservoir of VRE-colonized infants.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507-1515
Author(s):  
Lauren L. Madhoun ◽  
Robert Dempster

Purpose Feeding challenges are common for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). While sufficient oral feeding is typically a goal during NICU admission, this can be a long and complicated process for both the infant and the family. Many of the stressors related to feeding persist long after hospital discharge, which results in the parents taking the primary role of navigating the infant's course to ensure continued feeding success. This is in addition to dealing with the psychological impact of having a child requiring increased medical attention and the need to continue to fulfill the demands at home. In this clinical focus article, we examine 3 main areas that impact psychosocial stress among parents with infants in the NICU and following discharge: parenting, feeding, and supports. Implications for speech-language pathologists working with these infants and their families are discussed. A case example is also included to describe the treatment course of an infant and her parents in the NICU and after graduation to demonstrate these points further. Conclusion Speech-language pathologists working with infants in the NICU and following hospital discharge must realize the family context and psychosocial considerations that impact feeding progression. Understanding these factors may improve parental engagement to more effectively tailor treatment approaches to meet the needs of the child and family.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gaspar ◽  
S Yohasenan ◽  
F Haslbeck ◽  
D Bassler ◽  
V Kurtcuoglu ◽  
...  

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