Chapter 8 presents modern multi-user and multicarrier communication systems based on code division multiple access technology and orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology. Analogue, digital, and discrete orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems are presented separately and then inter-related from theoretical and practical points of view. A precise mathematical model of discrete baseband and intermediate-frequency blocks is presented, including procedures for signal mapping and the discrete Fourier transform, and then related to the model of an analogue radiofrequency block to make the whole orthogonal frequency division multiple access system. The basic theory of binary and non-binary code division multiple access systems operation is presented. To support deeper theoretical understanding of the design and operation of a code division multiple access system, one project in the supplementary material demonstrates the mathematical modelling, simulation, and design of this system in field-programmable gate array technology and presents the development tools required.
Analysis of the Performance of Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access System (OCDMA), Operating with Gold Codes under Nonlinear Effects
