scholarly journals Growth Inhibitory Mechanism of Contact-independent Antifungal TM-I-3 Bacillus sporothermodurans Strain against Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium cladosporioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
CHIHIRO OSAKI ◽  
SARASA MIYAKE ◽  
SHINJI URAKAWA ◽  
SHINJI MITSUIKI ◽  
HITOMI SHIMOMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Growth Inhibitory

Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract suppresses carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury through modulation of antioxidant enzyme system and anti-inflammatory mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pir Mohammad Ishfaq ◽  
Anjali Mishra ◽  
Shivani Mishra ◽  
Zaved Ahmad ◽  
Shovanlal Gayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docking Studies ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Ergosterol Peroxide ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Chaga mushroom [Inonotus obliquus] is an edible macrofungus used in traditional and folk medicine for treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. It has shown potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects in several experimental studies including our anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in colorectal cancer and intestinal inflammation. Whole extract or purified compound ergosterol peroxide from chaga mushroom showed anti-inflammatory mechanism via suppression of NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2 and growth inhibitory mechanism via regulation of apoptosis activation and β-catenin suppression. The emergence of diverse inflammatory and carcinogenic agents like carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] is a potent hepatotoxic chemical that caused liver damage by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative damages. Aims: The study was aimed to analyze the biochemical, cellular and molecular mechanism of CCl4 induced chronic liver inflammation and carcinoma and to analyze the effect of the extract of chaga mushroom on liver inflammation and cancer by virtue of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Method: Physiological, histological and immunohistochemical the physiological functions and cellular functions. Biochemical assays for assessing enzymatic changes in tissues. Molecular simulation and docking studies were performed for proposing the molecular interaction. Results: CCl4-exposed mice exhibited a significant decrease in the body weight followed by altered histopathological signatures in the liver. Supplementation of IOAE showed that treatment restored towards normal structure of the tissues with large round nuclei in most of the cells. CCl4 caused a steep elevation in the levels of SGOT and SGPT to 2.32- and 1.8-fold as compared to control. The LDH level was increased to 447 IU/L in CCl4 treated mice as compared to control [236 IU/L]. Analysis of the oxidant enzyme pathway showed that CCl4 reduced the GSH level to 16.5 μM as compared to control [52 μM], and induced the catalase enzyme activity to 259 U/mL as compared to control [124 U/L]. These physiological and biochemical alterations were restored towards normal levels by IOAE administration. Immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and p53 showed that CCl4 notably increased their expressions which were subsequently suppressed by administration of IOAE. The molecular simulation and docking studies using ergosterol peroxide from chaga mushroom with iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α showed binding energy of -10.5, -8.9 and -9.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. These proteins interacting with ergosterol peroxide suggests an inhibitory effect on these critical proinflammatory signaling proteins. Conclusions: The results point out that IOAE is able to prevent damage of hepatic cells caused by CCl4 in mouse models through anti-inflammatory and growth inhibitory mechanism which can be utilized in natural prevention of the liver toxicity.

scholarly journals Airborne fungus at Pavia (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Caretta ◽  
A. Crippa ◽  
P. Della Franca ◽  
G. Del Frate ◽  
M. Guglielminetii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Penicillium Janthinellum ◽  
Airborne Fungus ◽  
Sporobolomyces Roseus

Entre el 1º de Febrero de 1979 al 28 de Febrero de 1980, fueron expuestas en Pavia, 3 veces por semana, tres placas de petri de 16 cm de diam. conteniendo PDA. Se aislaron un total de 12.734 colonias (pertenecientes a 46 géneros y 88 especies).Muchos de los aislamientos (54,6%), fueron especies de los géneros Cladosporium (13,4%), Epicoccum (11,7%), Aureobasidium (9,3%), Alternaría (7,9%), Penicillium (6,4%) y Botrytis (5,9%).Alternarla, Cladosporium y Epicoccum, aumentan en el Verano avanzado y en los inicios de Otoño. Aureobasidium, Aspergillus y Penicillium son frecuentes en invierno; Botrytis, es abundante en Primavera. Las especies dominantes aisladas fueron: Alternaria alternata, A. longipes, Aspergillus fumigatus, A.niger y A. flavus, Ameobasidium pullulans var. pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Penicillium janthinellum. Las especies de Fusarium roseum var. gibbosum (= F. equiseti), Phoma destructiva, Rhodotorula glutinis y Sporobolomyces roseus fueron también numerosas.

scholarly journals Anti-tumor Activity of Arginine Deiminase fromMycoplasma argininiand Its Growth-inhibitory Mechanism

1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 840-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Takaku ◽  
Mitsuhiro Matsumoto ◽  
Satoru Misawa ◽  
Kaoru Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

scholarly journals Growth-Inhibitory Activity of Cladosporium cladosporioides by Cysteine

2007 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Toshihiko WATANABE ◽  
Yukihiro UENO ◽  
Ayako OGASAWARA ◽  
Takeshi MIKAMI ◽  
Tatsuji MATSUMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity

scholarly journals Caspofungin-Mediated Growth Inhibition and Paradoxical Growth in Aspergillus fumigatus Involve Fungicidal Hyphal Tip Lysis Coupled with Regenerative Intrahyphal Growth and Dynamic Changes in β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Localization

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio D. Moreno-Velásquez ◽  
Constanze Seidel ◽  
Praveen R. Juvvadi ◽  
William J. Steinbach ◽  
Nick D. Read
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Glucan Synthase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Paradoxical Growth ◽  
Hyphal Tip

ABSTRACT Caspofungin targets cell wall β-1,3-glucan synthesis and is the international consensus guideline-recommended salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Although caspofungin is inhibitory at low concentrations, it exhibits a paradoxical effect (reversal of growth inhibition) at high concentrations by an undetermined mechanism. Treatment with caspofungin at either the growth-inhibitory concentration (0.5 μg/ml) or paradoxical growth-inducing concentration (4 μg/ml) for 24 h caused similar abnormalities, including wider, hyperbranched hyphae, increased septation, and repeated hyphal tip lysis, followed by regenerative intrahyphal growth. By 48 h, only hyphae at the colony periphery treated with the high caspofungin concentration displayed paradoxical growth. A similar high concentration of caspofungin also induced the paradoxical growth of Aspergillus fumigatus during human A549 alveolar cell invasion. Localization of the β-1,3-glucan synthase complex (Fks1 and Rho1) revealed significant differences between cells exposed to the growth-inhibitory and paradoxical growth-inducing concentrations of caspofungin. At both concentrations, Fks1 initially mislocalized from the hyphal tips to vacuoles. However, only continuous exposure to 4 μg/ml of caspofungin for 48 h led to recovery of the normal hyphal morphology with renewed localization of Fks1 to hyphal tips. Rho1 remained at the hyphal tip after treatment with both caspofungin concentrations but was required for paradoxical growth. Farnesol blocked paradoxical growth and relocalized Fks1 and Rho1 to vacuoles. Our results highlight the importance of regenerative intrahyphal growth as a rapid adaptation to the fungicidal lytic effects of caspofungin on hyphal tips and the dynamic localization of Fks1 as part of the mechanism for the caspofungin-mediated paradoxical response in A. fumigatus.

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