This chapter provides a background on the new conceptual framework on unveiling the intertwined history of copyright and piracy in modern China that most scholars and commentators have so far neglected to see. The law that defines what constitutes copyright and piracy are never merely legal matters, but practices and concepts formed and evolved in the specific local nexus of cultural production and consumption. The chapter also talks about the potential users of copyright legislations. Authors, translators, publishers, and booksellers may not have the authority to make copyright law, but they hold dear the ownership of books and are more deeply concerned than the rest of society with the issues of piracy. This book explores how authors, translators, publishers, and booksellers received, appropriated, practiced, and contested the very concept of copyright or banquan in Chinese, literally “right to printing blocks.”