What Marx and Kalecki/Post-Keynesians do not share, and why this is not a barrier to their learning from each other to their mutual advantage

Author(s):  
Nick Potts ◽  
Phil Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-270
Author(s):  
Amy Sargeant

The article addresses debates around the introduction of commercial television in Britain, conducted in Parliament, lobby groups, the advertising trade press and broader cultural commentary. It notes that the boundaries between these interest groups were porous. The article refers to sample advertisements produced by agencies in anticipation of the 1955 launch of ITV in London and other regions thereafter, setting advertisers' initial caution against the bullishness subsequently checked by the 1962 report of the Pilkington Committee. ‘Americanisation’ is identified as a recurrent theme of anxiety, and advertising as a symptom of it, prompting complaints on both sides of the Atlantic. Many of the production strategies anticipated experimentally in the 1950s are with us still, as are concerns regarding differentiation of advertisements from programme content, advertisements' target audiences and commodities advertised on television. For legislators and advertisers alike, print media provided a model for imitation more often than did cinema. Competition between old and new platforms for advertisements – then as now – is identified as an opportunity for mutual advantage rather than displacement.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît De Courson ◽  
Daniel Nettle

AbstractHumans sometimes cooperate to mutual advantage, and sometimes exploit one another. In industrialised societies, the prevalence of exploitation, in the form of crime, is related to the distribution of economic resources: more unequal societies tend to have higher crime, as well as lower social trust. We created a model of cooperation and exploitation to explore why this should be. Distinctively, our model features a desperation threshold, a level of resources below which it is extremely damaging to fall. Agents do not belong to fixed types, but condition their behaviour on their current resource level and the behaviour in the population around them. We show that the optimal action for individuals who are close to the desperation threshold is to exploit others. This remains true even in the presence of severe and probable punishment for exploitation, since successful exploitation is the quickest route out of desperation, whereas being punished does not make already desperate states much worse. Simulated populations with a sufficiently unequal distribution of resources rapidly evolve an equilibrium of low trust and zero cooperation: desperate individuals try to exploit, and non-desperate individuals avoid interaction altogether. Making the distribution of resources more equal or increasing social mobility is generally effective in producing a high cooperation, high trust equilibrium; increasing punishment severity is not.


1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Court

By widespread agreement the Didache is a riddle and an enigma, as to its chronological and geographical setting, its primitive character in matters of church order and theology, or its artificiality as a romantic contrivance or forgery. It is unlikely that the problem will be solved merely by reviewing the arguments yet again. But it may be possible to shed new light by concentrating on the tradition to which the Didache itself suggests that it belongs. An investigation of this tradition may also indicate a relationship between the Didache and St. Matthew's Gospel which is of mutual advantage in exegesis.


Author(s):  
Valentina Beretta ◽  
Sébastien Harispe ◽  
Sylvie Ranwez ◽  
Isabelle Mougenot

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
H. Deplante

The Twentieth Louis Blériot Memorial Lecture held jointly by the Society and the Association Française Ingenieurs et Techniciens de l’Aeronautique et de l’Espace (AFITAE) was given in London on 13th April by Monsieur Henri Deplante, Technical Director, Avions Marcel Dassault, on “Four Combat Aircraft Concepts”.The Chair was taken by Mr. A. D. Baxter, MEng, CEng, FRAeS, President of the Society. After welcoming French colleagues, especially Monsieur Jules Jarry, President d’Honneur of AFITAE, and several former Louis Blériot lecturers, Mr. Baxter said that Louis Btériot, one of France’s great aviation pioneers, had made the first practical link in aeronautics between their two countries; by the institution of this lecture they had initiated new technical links and provided inspiration on both sides of the Channel—he thought that inspiration had led to an industrial co-operation which they hoped would continue and extend to their mutual advantage.Introducing the lecturer, die President said that Monsieur Henri Deplante, who was now Technical Director of Avions Marcel Dassault, had been connected with aeronautical engineering since 1930 when he had joined the then Avions Marcel Bloch.Monsieur Deplante had served with the Free French Forces during the War; he was a member of the first Parachute Brigade in the Special Air Services and had been awarded the DSO. After the War he had helped to revive the French Aircraft Industry and the list of new aircraft which Dassault had designed in this post-war period was, he thought, evidence of his ability and success in that direction. Monsieur Deplante had lectured to four of the Society’s Branches since 1963 and they were delighted to have him as the 20th Louis Blériot Lecturer.


2021 ◽  
pp. 79-132
Author(s):  
F. C. C. Sheffield

Against the view that knowledge of the Good motivates philosophers in Plato’s Republic to rule, this paper argues that philosophers are ‘dependent rational animals’ (MacIntyre), whose education fosters a widespread sense of mutual interdependence in the community. The recognition of this dependency is a bond of philia, the cultivation of which ensures that citizens care for one another and assist each other to their mutual advantage. Ruling is how philosophers express the reciprocity characteristic of friendship, make a return for benefits received, and show care for others in their service. By tracking the language of ‘nurture’, ‘sharing’, and ‘community’ in Socrates’ replies to Glaucon’s concern and showing how it is embedded within this sense of mutual interdependence and philia, I argue that philia, a certain kind of affective bond, or love, motivates philosophers’ willingness to rule and preserves the integrity of the eudaemonist framework of the Republic.


Author(s):  
Albert Weale

In the twilight of utilitarianism contract theorist sought to respond to the problems that utilitarianism had thrown up. How successful were they? Our review of contract theory has shown that it is not possible to base a contract theory on a utility theory of rationality, even though some have claimed that such a theory states the essential elements of rational behaviour. The axioms of utility theory are controversial in themselves, and do not give an account of prudence. To have an account of prudence, we need to turn to the deliberative account of rationality, and the idea of intelligibility. The practical syllogism will only take us so far, however, and will not deal with cases where interests conflict. There is no need to make a sharp distinction between contract theories in which there is a plurality of agents, without a veil of ignorance, and a single agent behind a veil of ignorance. The singular veil of ignorance construction can be regarded as a more abstract thought experiment in situation of moral perplexity. Similarly, the distinction between mutual advantage theories, which involve essential reference to a baseline of non-cooperation, and baseline independent theories is not clear, since much depends on the character of the baseline. The problem of obligation remains unresolved, but its lack of resolution underlines a conclusion of Hart to the effect that coercion is an essential element of a large-scale society.


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