Nutrient flows in the landscape

Sinclair et al. (1993) found that a diet formulated to be synchronous with regard to hourly release of nitrogen and energy increased microbial protein synthesis by 14% in sheep. Dairy cows in early lactation experience a shortfall of energy and protein, with available protein determining the overall efficiency of metabolism (MacRae and Lobley, 1986) and subsequent milk production. It is therefore necessary to maximise microbial protein yield during this period. In this study diets were designed for lactating dairy cows to contain the same feed ingredients, but to release nitrogen and energy in the rumen at different times. Rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient flows to the small intestine and production performance were investigated.

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Nutrient flows from harvested banana pseudostems

African Crop Science Journal ◽

10.4314/acsj.v2i2.54705 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CS Wortman ◽

EB Karamura ◽

CS Gold

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Flows

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Nutrient Flows in Suckler Farm Systems Under Two Levels of Intensity

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ◽

10.1007/s10705-005-5770-6 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 41-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Schellberg Jürgen ◽

Lellmann Arno ◽

Kühbauch Walter

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Flows ◽

Farm Systems

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Rationalizing Nutrient Flows on an Urban Planet

10.13031/aim.20141899580 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Flows

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The Effect of Level of Supplement Feeding and Source of Protein on Milk Production and Nutrient Flows of Dairy Cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026878 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 142-142

Author(s):

F.P. O'Mara ◽

J.J. Murphy ◽

M. Rath

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Flows ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Bacterial Marker ◽

Friesian Cows

Milk protein synthesis may be limited by amino acid (AA) flow to the duodenum. This can be increased by increasing the flow of microbial AA's or undegraded feed AA's. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect on milk production and nutrient flows at the duodenum of including fishmeal (120g/kg) in the supplement to grass silage at two levels of supplement feeding.The treatments, arranged in a 2x2 factorial, were 1.) 3.5 kg/day of 0% fishmeal supplement (L-UDP), 2.) 7 kg/day of L-UDP, 3.) 3.5 kg/day of 12% fishmeal supplement (H-UDP), and 4.) 7 kg/day of H-UDP. Supplements were fed to 3 6 Friesian cows in a 4x4 multiple Latin-square trial with three week periods to determine production responses, and to four ruminally and duodenally cannulated cows to determine rumen fermentation and nutrient flows. Flows were determined by the dual marker technique of Faichney (1975) using cobalt-EDTA and ytterbium acetate as liquid and solid phase markers respectively. Purines were used as the bacterial marker (Zinn and Owens, 1986). Degradability of the feeds was measured in 3 other cows using the small bag technique described by De Boer et al. (1987).

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Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Katharina Bünemann ◽

Maren Johannes ◽

Rolf Schmitz ◽

Julia Hartwiger ◽

Dirk von Soosten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Group Differences ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Nutrient Flows ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Microbial Efficiency ◽

Matter Basis

The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.

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