The role of ethics codes in medicine - how can they be helpful in making decisions?

2018 ◽  
pp. 315-326
Keyword(s):  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1046-1064
Author(s):  
Andrea Dörries

A crucial aspect of a fair allocation of scarce resources in hospital is the close cooperation of hospital executives and physicians. This chapter has three aims. Firstly, it provides an analysis of basic elements of medical and hospital executives' ethics. Secondly, it discusses the role of concepts of justice in hospital decision-making. Thirdly, it reflects on process criteria and structures that might support coping with allocation conflicts in hospitals. While hospital executives mainly act according to economic, legal, and strategic considerations, physicians are traditionally obliged to professional ethics codes. These include patient welfare as the primary concern with economic aspects a secondary priority. Therefore, implementing and applying ethical principles for the allocation of scarce resources requires an ongoing constructive discourse between hospital managers and physicians. Furthermore, in order to build trust between the two stakeholders, an effective structure for solving ethical conflicts and a fair decision-making process is paramount.


Author(s):  
Andrea Dörries

A crucial aspect of a fair allocation of scarce resources in hospital is the close cooperation of hospital executives and physicians. This chapter has three aims. Firstly, it provides an analysis of basic elements of medical and hospital executives' ethics. Secondly, it discusses the role of concepts of justice in hospital decision-making. Thirdly, it reflects on process criteria and structures that might support coping with allocation conflicts in hospitals. While hospital executives mainly act according to economic, legal, and strategic considerations, physicians are traditionally obliged to professional ethics codes. These include patient welfare as the primary concern with economic aspects a secondary priority. Therefore, implementing and applying ethical principles for the allocation of scarce resources requires an ongoing constructive discourse between hospital managers and physicians. Furthermore, in order to build trust between the two stakeholders, an effective structure for solving ethical conflicts and a fair decision-making process is paramount.


Author(s):  
Andrea Ferrero

RESUMEN Este trabajo desarrolla las circunstancias bajo las cuales, desde sus inicios, la orientación profesional en Argentina se caracterizó por el hecho de contemplar especialmente las condiciones sociales de la población a la que dirigía su accionar. Efectivamente, la orientación profesional en este país estuvo básicamente relacionada con la detección de determinadas características personales y su relación con capacidades laborales específicas, dentro de un contexto en el cual los parámetros vinculados a aspectos sociales eran incluidos como uno de los articuladores fundamentales de dicha tarea. En Argentina es posible apreciar cómo, durante las últimas décadas, la exclusión social producto de los crecientes niveles de pobreza, la falta de oportunidades, el desempleo y los bajos niveles de educación, han in‐ troducido nuevas perspectivas en el panorama referido al proceso de orientación. Si bien éste históricamente ha contemplado los aspectos sociales y económicos, el elevado grado de dificultad estructural de la situación actual representa nuevos y complejos desafíos en la tarea de orientación. En este artículo se analiza el valor del orientador comprometido con factores socio‐económicos de las poblaciones a las que dirige su tarea y la importancia que la responsabilidad social adquiere en estas circunstancias. Responsabilidad que incluso se encuentra avalada en Argentina, tanto por códigos de ética locales como por las propias competencias internacionales de la orientación profesional. ABSTRACT This work points out the circumstances in which, from its very beginning, professional guidance in Argentina has been specially characterized by taking into account the particular social situation of the individuals and populations to whom the specific practice was directed. In fact, professional guidance in this country was basically related to the detection of certain individual factors and its relation to specific labour abilities, within a context in which social matters’ related factors were considered as a main axe to the future developing of the whole guidance process. In Argentina, during the last decades, social exclusion due to increasingly poverty index, the lack of opportunities, the unemployment and a low educational level, have introduced hard new conditions into careers advice. Even though this process has always considered social and economical matters, the high level structural complexity of current situation means new and hard challenges in the guidance task. This paper analyzes the central role of careers advisers’ commitment to socio‐economical circumstances of the individuals and population to whom the task is directed, and the importance of social responsibility involved through these circumstances. This responsibility is also supported in Argentina, not only by local ethics codes, but by professional international guidance competences as well.


Author(s):  
Hugh Gunz ◽  
Sally Gunz ◽  
Ronit Dinovitzer

This chapter introduces professional ethics as a specific example of applied or practical ethics. The authors provide a short review of the literature on theoretical and applied ethics in order to give context for the subsequent discussion. They examine three foundational concepts of professional ethics: codes adopted by professional bodies, professional autonomy, and the contested role of gatekeeper. Next, the authors consider ethical pressures experienced by professionals in the non-professional organization (NPO), and then the Professional Service Firm (PSF). Here the authors compare the pressure exerted by employer and clients and examine how so-called “client capture” can become a complex phenomenon when both client and professional are corporate entities. Finally, the chapter considers the challenges for the study of ethics in the PSF highlighted by this account.


Author(s):  
Tatjana Rosic Ilic

Print Serbian media presented Belgrade Pride Parade 2014 in an ambivalent way - as a successful state project, on the one hand, and as a threat to the national security, on the other. Contradictory media discourse related to the promotion of human rights favored the tabloidization of almost all contents related to the Belgrade Pride Parade 2014.In this way in the focus of tabloidization was put wider cultural and social contexts including issues such as the process of EU integration, the effort of redefining national identity in the context of EU, and, finally, the very role of the LGBT community in organization of Belgrade Pride Parade. Tabloidization of the issue of EU integration was achieved mostly through indirect reporting on Belgrade Pride Parade by the combination of the articles which - in the same issue and often within the same section - reported on the Pride mutually quite contradictory for the audience, in sensationalist and confusing ways. The result of such reporting is, quite unexpectedly, the strategy of constant parody of topics which are declaratory considered to be policy priorities of Republic of Serbia while in the Serbian cultural and media practices are called into question and ridiculed. This kind of parody is based on a hidden affirmation of (in) equality and discrimination, as well as on the violation of journalistic ethics codes. The aim of the paper is to analyze – in the case of reporting on Belgrade Pride Parade 2014 - the narrative forms and the communication effects of this populist-based media parody, as well as to deconstructs its ideological reception and consequences.


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.


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