Science, Practice and Reputation: The University of Göttingen and Its Medical Faculty in the Eighteenth Century

2016 ◽  
pp. 301-318
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Science Practice ◽  
University Of Göttingen ◽  
The University

Material Evidence in the History Curriculum in Eighteenth-Century Göttingen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
History Curriculum ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Material Turn ◽  
University Of Göttingen ◽  
The University ◽  
Required Courses ◽  
Material Evidence

This chapter considers the “material turn” in the latter half of the eighteenth century, particularly when the first academic curriculum for material culture studies was created. It happened at the University of Göttingen, a new foundation (from 1734, formal opening in 1737) that was envisioned as the model of an enlightened university, and was, during the last decades of the eighteenth century, an extraordinary hothouse for humanities research. With a professionalized training regimen for historians came the idea of required courses, and the auxiliary sciences of history were born. This curriculum lingered at Göttingen for a long time, though little effort has been made to study its development.

The Circulation of Medical Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-295
Author(s):  
Lilla Krász
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Knowledge Circulation ◽  
The University

This paper reconstructs the circulation patterns of medical knowledge within the geographic space of the eighteenth-century Kingdom of Hungary. The social fabric of the kingdom was thoroughly intertwined with the religious, ethnic, linguistic, estate constitutional, and professional cultures of knowledge which, accordingly, showed a great abundance of diversity. These multi-level regional differences are disclosed while exploring the extent, rapidity, and quality of contemporary medical knowledge circulation, which were primarily influenced by the operation of Hungary’s educational centers under the auspices of the different churches. Undoubtedly, physicians tended to follow the Habsburg Monarchy’s and Europe’s circulation of theoretical, practical, methodological concepts, which varied though according to the means and orientations of different educational centers aided by the “peregrinatio academica.” In the first half of the eighteenth century, Halle served as a primary source of knowledge elements, whereas the import of Dutch and Swiss university cultures of knowledge had been on the rise from the second half of the century onward. Moreover, Gerard van Swieten’s reforms overriding denominational boundaries, transformed the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna into an institute of prominence in the second half of the eighteenth century. The reforms had consequences upon the making and evolution of Hungary’s independent medical discourse, self-reflection, and methodology. The foundation of the Medical Faculty of the University of Trnava (Nagyszombat, Tyrnau) in 1770, and its subsequent resettlement in Buda and Pest, brought about a transformation in the long run.

scholarly journals How “Facts” Shaped Modern Disciplines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjang L. Ten Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Discipline Formation ◽  
Knowledge Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Göttingen ◽  
The University ◽  
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg ◽  
Epistemological Basis

This history of the concept of fact reveals that the fact-oriented practices of German physicists and historians derived from common origins. The concept of fact became part of the German language remarkably late. It gained momentum only toward the end of the eighteenth century. I show that the concept of fact emerged as part of a historical knowledge tradition, which comprised both human and natural empirical study. Around 1800, parts of this tradition, including the concept of fact, were integrated into the epistemological basis of several emerging disciplines, including physics and historiography. During this process of discipline formation, the concept of fact remained fluid. I reveal this fluidity by unearthing different interpretations and roles of facts in different German contexts around 1800. I demonstrate how a fact-based epistemology emerged at the University of Göttingen in the late eighteenth century, by focusing on universal historian August Ludwig Schlözer and the experimentalist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg. In a time of scientific and political revolutions, they regarded facts as eternal knowledge, contrasting them with short-lived theories and speculations. Remarkably, Schlözer and Lichtenberg construed facts as the basis of Wissenschaft, but not as Wissenschaft itself. Only after 1800, empirically minded German physicists and historians granted facts self-contained value. As physics and historiography became institutionalized at German universities, the concept of fact acquired different interpretations in different disciplinary settings. These related to fact-oriented research practices, such as precision measurement in physics and source criticism in historiography.

Liberty, Property and Popular Politics

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
British History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Thomas Paine ◽  
Parliamentary History ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
The University

Few scholars can claim to have shaped the historical study of the long eighteenth century more profoundly than Professor H. T. Dickinson, who, until his retirement in 2006, held the Sir Richard Lodge Chair of British History at the University of Edinburgh. This volume, based on contributions from Dickinson's students, friends and colleagues from around the world, offers a range of perspectives on eighteenth-century Britain and provides a tribute to a remarkable scholarly career. Dickinson's work and career provides the ideal lens through which to take a detailed snapshot of current research in a number of areas. The book includes contributions from scholars working in intellectual history, political and parliamentary history, ecclesiastical and naval history; discussions of major themes such as Jacobitism, the French Revolution, popular radicalism and conservatism; and essays on prominent individuals in English and Scottish history, including Edmund Burke, Thomas Muir, Thomas Paine and Thomas Spence. The result is a uniquely rich and detailed collection with an impressive breadth of coverage.

The Livable Eighteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
James R. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
University Of California ◽  
The Third ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
The University

The third in a set of review articles treating Wye Allanbrook's posthumously published Secular Commedia (University of California Press, 2014). The reviews originated as a panel discussion organized by Edmund J. Goehring at the Mozart Society of America's 2018 meeting at the University of Western Ontario.

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