Mental and Physical Health Disparities and Older African Americans

Author(s):  
Martha R. Crowther ◽  
Cassandra D. Ford ◽  
Latrice Vinson
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shardé McNeil Smith ◽  
Lillie D. Williamson ◽  
Hafeezah Branch ◽  
Frank D. Fincham

Racial discrimination is a part of the lived experience for African Americans, and it is widely found to have damaging consequences to their mental and physical health; yet, we know less about how romantic partners influence the degree to which racial discrimination can impinge on health outcomes. Using a dyadic approach with heterosexual African American couples ( N = 487), the current study examined the compensatory and stress-buffering effects of racism-specific support (RSS) from the partner on the associations between racial discrimination and one’s own and one’s partner’s self-reported mental, physical, and general health. We found that perceptions of RSS from the partner were associated with better mental and physical health for husbands and better physical and general health for wives, independent of the effects of their own and their partner’s racial discrimination. However, wives showed compromised mental health when their husbands perceived high levels of RSS. Furthermore, among wives who reported low levels of RSS from their partner, wives’ and husbands’ experiences of racial discrimination were associated with wives’ lowered mental health. These findings suggest that couple-level interventions for African Americans should pay specific attention to wives who may carry the burden of their own and their husbands’ experiences of racial discrimination.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
NiCole Buchanan ◽  
Marisol Perez ◽  
Mitch Prinstein ◽  
Idia Thurston

As efforts to end systemic racism gain momentum across various contexts, it is critical to consider anti-racist steps that will be required to improve psychological science. Current scientific practices serve to maintain white supremacy with significant and impactful consequences. Extant research practices reinforce norms of homogeneity within BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color) populations, segregate theories and methods derived from BIPOC groups, apply disparate standards to the evaluation of research on White vs. BIPOC populations, and discourage BIPOC scholars from pursuing research careers. Perhaps consequently, mental and physical health disparities remain largely unimproved. In this article we present examples of how epistemic oppression exists within psychological science, including how science is conducted, reported, reviewed, and disseminated. Specific recommendations are offered for many stakeholders, including those involved in the production, reporting, and gatekeeping of science as well as consumers of science. Additionally, we present a diversity accountability index for journals with potential benchmarks for measuring progress as one strategy to promote dialogue and action, challenge inequity, and upend the influence of white supremacy in psychological science.


Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Rin Reczek

Abstract Lesbian, gay, and bisexual-identified (LGB) people experience worse mental and physical health than their straight-identified counterparts. Given remarkable social and legal changes regarding LGB status in recent decades, we theorize that this profound health disadvantage may be changing across cohorts. Using data from the 2013–2018 National Health and Interview Surveys, we analyze five mental and physical health outcomes—psychological distress, depression, anxiety, self-rated physical health, and activity limitation—across three birth cohorts colloquially known as (1) Millennials, (2) Generation Xers, and (3) Baby Boomers and pre-Boomers. We find no evidence of reduced health disparities by sexual orientation across cohorts. Instead, relative to straight-identified respondents, the health disadvantages of gay, lesbian, and—most strikingly—bisexual-identified people have increased across cohorts. Findings highlight the importance of identifying the causes of increased health disparities as well as designing and implementing moredirect public policies and programs to eliminate health disparities among more recent LGB cohorts.


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