social deprivation
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

1100
(FIVE YEARS 376)

H-INDEX

56
(FIVE YEARS 6)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tunney

Impulsivity is an individual difference in decision-making that is a risk factor for a number of health concerns including addiction and obesity. Although impulsivity has a large heritable component it, the health concerns associated with impulsivity are not uniformly distributed across society. For example, people from poorer backgrounds are more likely to be overweight, and be dependent on tobacco or alcohol. This suggests that the environmental component of impulsivity night be related to economic circumstances and availability of resources. This paper provides evidence that children aged 4 to 12 from the most deprived areas show greater impulsivity in the form of delay discounting than do children from the least deprived areas. The data are discussed with reference to scarcity based models of decision-making and to public health inequalities.


2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Tackett ◽  
Maniraj Jeyaraju ◽  
Jesse Moore ◽  
Alice Hudder ◽  
Sandra Yingling ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Nearly all U.S. medical students engage in a 4–8 week period of intense preparation for their first-level licensure exams, termed a “dedicated preparation period” (DPP). It is widely assumed that student well-being is harmed during DPPs, but evidence is limited. This study characterized students’ physical, intellectual, emotional, and social well-being during DPPs. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey sent electronically to all second-year students at four U.S. medical schools after each school’s respective DPP for USMLE Step 1 or COMLEX Level 1 in 2019. Survey items assessed DPP characteristics, cost of resources, and perceived financial strain as predictors for 18 outcomes measured by items with Likert-type response options. Open-ended responses on DPPs’ influence underwent thematic analysis. Results A total of 314/750 (42%) students completed surveys. DPPs lasted a median of 7 weeks (IQR 6–8 weeks), and students spent 70 h/week (IQR 56–80 h/week) studying. A total of 62 (20%) reported experiencing a significant life event that impacted their ability to study during their DPPs. Most reported 2 outcomes improved: medical knowledge base (95%) and confidence in ability to care for patients (56%). Most reported 9 outcomes worsened, including overall quality of life (72%), feeling burned out (77%), and personal anxiety (81%). A total of 25% reported paying for preparation materials strained their finances. Greater perceived financial strain was associated with worsening 11 outcomes, with reported amount spent associated with worsening 2 outcomes. Themes from student descriptions of how DPPs for first-level exams influenced them included (1) opportunity for synthesis of medical knowledge, (2) exercise of endurance and self-discipline required for professional practice, (3) dissonance among exam preparation resource content, formal curriculum, and professional values, (4) isolation, deprivation, and anguish from competing for the highest possible score, and (5) effects on well-being after DPPs. Conclusions DPPs are currently experienced by many students as a period of personal and social deprivation, which may be worsened by perceived financial stress more than the amount of money they spend on preparation materials. DPPs should be considered as a target for reform as medical educators attempt to prevent student suffering and enhance their well-being.


2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Giovannelli ◽  
Anthony Pinon ◽  
Manon Lenain ◽  
Anne-Laure Cleys ◽  
Brigitte Lefebvre ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The Institut Pasteur de Lille, in the north of France, has implemented a large, multidisciplinary health check, which aims to identify frailty in middle-aged caregivers. We aimed to construct an adapted frailty index of cumulative deficit (FI-CD) and study the associated factors, in particular socioeconomic factors. Methods The cross-sectional study included caregivers aged 45 to 65. A 34-item FI-CD including deficits adapted to a middle-aged population (related to cognition and autonomy, dietetics, physical activity, comorbidities, functional signs, lab values and paraclinical examinations) was constructed in accordance with standard procedures. It was calculated as a ratio of deficits present out of the total number of possible deficits, giving a continuous score between 0 and 1. Scores > 0.25 and >  0.4 were classified as frailty and severe frailty, respectively. Univariate and multivariate associations were studied using linear regressions. Results One hundred and seventeen caregivers were included; among them, 111 were analyzed due to missing values. The mean FI-CD was 0.22 ± 0.08. Forty (36%) individuals were classified as frailty and three (2.7%) as severe frailty. In multivariate analysis, FI-CD was significantly associated with age (beta [95% confidence interval] = 0.005 [0.002; 0.009] per 1-year increase, p = 0.005) and social deprivation (beta = 0.054 [0.007; 0.102], p = 0.025). A significant interaction was observed between and age and social deprivation (p = 0.036). The adjusted relationship between FI-CD and age was beta = 0.010 [0.002; 0.019], p = 0.017 in precarious caregivers, and beta = 0.003 [− 0.001; 0.007], p = 0.19 in non-precarious caregivers. Conclusions The study suggested that the 34-item FI-CD could have clinical utility in the management of middle-aged caregivers. Social deprivation appeared as an important factor associated with frailty, highlighting the importance of early care and social support for precarious caregivers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500
Author(s):  
Arif Imam Suroso ◽  
Hansen Tandra ◽  
Indra Wahyudi

The palm oil industry is a strategic sector that plays an important role for national economics. Although the palm oil industry's role and contribution are high, land clearing and operation are often associated with environmental and social issues. The sustainable certification was then developed to ensure that palm oil companies can continue to operate without involving environmental and social deprivation. The previous research related to the impact of a sustainable certification found several positive and negative impacts on palm oil companies' performance in general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of sustainable certification on Indonesia's palm oil companies' financial and market performance. This research focused on 14 palm oil companies in Indonesia that went public with an observation year between 2014 and 2019. Analysis through panel regression found that sustainable certification has no impact on Indonesia's palm oil companies' financial and market performance. The study could be a recommendation and justification for palm oil companies for consider to take a sustainable certification.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suárez-Idueta L ◽  
Bedford H ◽  
Ohuma EO ◽  
Cortina-Borja M

Background: Small for gestational age (SGA) is a key contributor to premature deaths and long-term complications in life. Improved characterization of maternal risk factors associated with this adverse outcome is needed to inform the development of interventions, track progress, and reduce the disease burden. This study aimed to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical factors associated with SGA in Mexico.Methods: We analyzed administrative data from 1,841,477 singletons collected by the National Information Subsystem of Livebirths during 2017. Small-for-gestational-age was defined as being <10th centiles according to the INTERGROWTH-21st standards. The comparison group was defined as being in ≥10th centiles. We fitted logistic regression models to determine odds ratios for the maternal factors associated with SGA.Results: Among the 1,841,477 singletons, 51% were male, 6.7% were SGA, 6.1% were term-SGA, and 0.5% were preterm-SGA. Maternal education presented a protective gradient of being SGA among mothers who achieved 1 to 6 years of education (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)0.95; 95% CI:0.91,0.99), 7 to 9 years (aOR 0.86; 95% CI:0.83,0.89), 10 to 12 years (aOR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.79) and > 12 years (aOR 0.63; 95% CI:0.6,0.66) compared with those without education. SGA was particularly likely to occur among primiparous (aOR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.43), mothers living in very high deprivation localities (aOR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.43), young (aOR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06), advanced age (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09, 1.19), and mothers living in areas above 2,000 m (aOR 1.69; 95% CI: 1.65, 1.73). Antenatal care was associated with a reduced risk of SGA by 30% (aOR 0.7; 95% CI:0.67,0.73), 23% (OR 0.77; 95% CI:0.74,0.8), and 21% (OR 0.79; 95% CI:0.75,0.83), compared with those mothers who never received antenatal care, when women visited the clinic at the first, second and third trimester, respectively.Conclusion: Almost 7% of live births were found to be SGA. Parity, maternal age, education, place of residence, and social deprivation were significantly associated with this outcome. Antenatal care was protective. These findings imply that interventions focusing on early and adequate contact with health care facilities, reproductive health counseling, and maternal education should reduce SGA in Mexico.


YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 545-550
Author(s):  
M ARULMURUGAN ◽  
◽  
V Thandapani ◽  

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Urbanization is a global phenomenon experienced by economically advanced as well as developing countries. Rapid urbanization due to “pull factor” or the employment opportunity created in the city and “push factor” due to the lack of the same in rural areas and including environmental degradation, has attracted immigrants not only from the rural Tamil Nadu but also from other parts of the country. Growth of industrialization around the Chennai city, famine situation in the rural area, inadequate rain in the rural area, castism, rapidly and vast building construction activity in and around the city and information technology parks, has given surety for skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled jobs which are available to the deserving people. Most of the immigrated families who could not afford formal housing satisfy their need for housing by occupying available vacant land illegally and solving their housing problem and contribute to the creation of slums. In this study mainly aims to the income and expenditure activities of the Nochikuppam slum areas in Chennai city.


YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
V Thandapani ◽  
◽  
M Arulmurugan ◽  

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Sprawl is a universal occurrence knowledgeable by inexpensively highly developed fine mounting nations. Hurried sprawl appropriate to “pull factor” or the livelihood occasion fashioned in the city and “push factor” owed to the be deficient in of the equivalent in rustic regions and together with ecological dilapidation, has fascinated settlers not barely as of the rustic state but in addition commencing supplementary fractions of the state. Expansion of mechanization roughly in capital of Tamil Nadu, in deprivation condition in the rustic locale, too little drizzle in the rustic part, castism, hastily and enormous edifice creation doings and approximately the city and in sequence expertise commons, has specified surety for accomplished, inexperienced, semi-skilled employments are existing to the justified citizens. In the present study main aims are income and expenditure activities of the Porur slum areas in Chennai city


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo E Mena ◽  
Jose Manuel Aburto

Objectives: To quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Chile categorized by rural and urban, and to correlate life expectancy changes with socioeconomic factors at the municipal level. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional demographic analysis using aggregated data. Setting: Vital and demographic statistics from the national institute of statistics and department of vital statistics of ministry of health. Participants: Aggregated national all-cause death data stratified by year (2000-2020), sex, and municipality. Main Outcome measures: Stratified mortality rates using a Bayesian methodology. With this, we assessed the unequal impact of the pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across Chilean municipalities for men and women and analyzed previous mortality trends since 2010. Results: Life expectancy declined for both men and women in 2020. Urban areas were the most affected, with males losing 1.89 and females 1.33 in 2020. The strength of the decline in life expectancy correlated with indicators of social deprivation and poverty. Also, inequality in life expectancy between municipalities increased, largely due to excess mortality among the working-age population in socially disadvantaged municipalities. Conclusions: Not only do people in poorer areas live shorter lives, they also have been substantially more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased population health inequalities. Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy provides a more comprehensive picture of the toll.


Modern Drama ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-457
Author(s):  
William McEvoy

This article argues that the work of Welsh theatre director and playwright Peter Gill occupies a unique place in post-1960s’ British playwriting. It explores Gill’s plays as – using theatre critic Susannah Clapp’s phrase – the “missing link” between kitchen-sink realism and more self-consciously poetic forms of theatre text. Gill’s plays make an important contribution to the history of working-class representation in UK theatre for three main reasons: first, the centrality he gives to Wales, Welsh working-class characters, and the city of Cardiff; second, his emphasis on the experience of women, especially mothers; and third, his focus on young male characters expressing and exploring the complexities of same-sex desire. The plays make advances in terms of realist dialogue and structure while also experimenting with layout, repetition, fragmentation, poetic description, and monologue narration. Gill’s work realistically documents the impact of poverty, cramped housing conditions, and social deprivation on his characters as part of a political project to show the lives of Welsh working-class people on stage. While doing so, Gill innovates in his handling of time, perspective, viewpoint, and genre. His plays occupy a distinctive place in the history of British, working-class, gay theatre, helping us to rethink what each of these three key terms means.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document