Ocean governance and marine environmental conservation

Author(s):  
Abul Hasanat ◽  
Md Saiful Karim
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86
Author(s):  
Nong Hong

Abstract This article summarizes and analyzes the main issues addressed at the 7th Asia-Pacific/Arctic Maritime Security Forum held in Halifax, Canada in Fall 2019. Experts attending this forum discussed issues such as a regional maritime security overview of the South China Sea, East China Sea, Indian Ocean and the Arctic, best practices of regional ocean governance models, maritime dispute settlement practices, maritime law enforcement, and marine environmental issues. A proposal was put forward on international cooperation with regard to maritime security, ocean governance and ocean capacity building.


The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) remains the cornerstone of global ocean governance. However, it lacks effective provisions or mechanisms to ensure that all ocean space and related problems are dealt with holistically. With seemingly no opportunity for revision due to the Conventions burdensome amendment provisions, complementary mechanisms dealing with such aspects of global ocean governance including maritime transport, fisheries, and marine environmental sustainability, have been developed under the aegis of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations. This approach is inherently fragmented and unable to achieve sustainable global ocean governance. In light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 14, the IMLI Treatise proposes a new paradigm on the basis of integrated and cross-sectoral approach in order to realise a more effective and sustainable governance regime for the oceans. The volume examines how the IMO, with 171 Member States and 3 Associated Members, has and continues to promote the goals of safe, secure, sound, and efficient shipping on clean oceans. It studies the interface and interaction between UNCLOS and IMO instruments and how the IMO’s safety, security, and environmental protection conventions have contributed to global ocean governance, including the peaceful order of the polar regions.


Author(s):  
Ong David M

This chapter examines the role of maritime boundary delimitation and related co-operative resource regimes within global ocean governance. It first provides an overview of the history of international maritime boundary delimitation law before discussing the convergence between the drawing of simple jurisdictional demarcation lines and the construction of international ocean governance regimes, designed to fulfil marine resource management and environmental protection functions. It then considers the link between marine resource and environmental protection issues, along with the importance of natural resource factors in the evolution of international maritime delimitation law. It also looks at examples of maritime boundary-related co-operative resource regimes, including the 2010 Norway-Russia Maritime Boundary Delimitation treaty and the 2012 Mexico/United States Agreement on Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. It concludes with a review of international maritime delimitation law and marine environmental protection as an aspect of ocean governance.


Author(s):  
Tanaka Yoshifumi

This chapter discusses issues of global ocean governance from an Asian perspective. The Asian Seas regions face four challenges relating to marine pollution, conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity, adverse impacts of climate change upon the oceans, and maritime security. Before analysing these challenges in detail, the chapter considers two paradigms of ocean governance that the international law of the sea attempts to balance: the traditional paradigm based on co-existence of States; and a new paradigm based on notions of inter-dependency between governments, human communities and the natural environment thus requiring new, more co-operative arrangements. It also examines elements of uncertainty in the Asian Seas regions and notes that there is no regional treaty concerning marine environmental protection in those regions.


1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-189
Author(s):  
Paul C. Stern

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