Aural Skills Assessment in Young Adult Musicians: Results of a Harmony and Word N-Back Task

Author(s):  
Karel Butz

Achieving Musical Success in the String Classroom describes the author’s pragmatic pedagogical approach toward developing complete musicianship in beginning through advanced-level string players by incorporating the ideas of Mimi Zweig, Paul Rolland, and Shinichi Suzuki. The author’s philosophical assumptions are explained in regard to the structure and purpose of string teaching contributing to a high level of musical artistry among students. Introductory through advanced string concepts relating to instrument setup, posture, left- and right-hand development, music theory, aural skills, assessment procedures, imagery in playing, the development of individual practice and ensemble skills, and effective rehearsal strategies are explained in a sequential approach that benefits the classroom teacher and student. In addition, several score examples, sample lesson plans, and grading rubrics, as well as videos of the author demonstrating his pedagogical ideas and techniques with musicians, are included.


Author(s):  
Roberta M. Bruck

An unusual structure in the cochlea is the spiral limbus; this periosteal tissue consists of stellate fibroblasts and collagenous fibers embedded in a translucent ground substance. The collagenous fibers are arranged in vertical columns (the auditory teeth of Haschke). Between the auditory teeth are interdental furrows in which the interdental cells are situated. These epithelial cells supposedly secrete the tectorial membrane.The fine structure of interdental cells in the rat was reported by Iurato (1962). Since the mouse appears to be different, a description of the fine structure of mouse interdental cells' is presented. Young adult C57BL/6J mice were perfused intervascularly with 1% paraformaldehyde/ 1.25% glutaraldehyde in .1M phosphate buffer (pH7.2-7.4). Intact cochlea were decalcified in .1M EDTA by the method of Baird (1967), postosmicated, dehydrated, and embedded in Araldite. Thin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were examined in a Phillips EM-200 electron microscope.


Author(s):  
Arne Göring ◽  
Malte Jetzke ◽  
Sabrina Rudolph

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund und Ziel: Gegenüber dem Bevölkerungsdurchschnitt liegen die Prävalenzraten alkoholbezogener Störungen von Studierenden deutlich über dem Durchschnitt der nichtstudentischen Bevölkerung. Bislang existieren in Deutschland keine Studien zur Frage, welchen Einfluss sportliche Aktivitäten auf die Ausprägung alkoholbezogener Störungen bei Studierenden besitzen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diesen Zusammenhang bei Studierenden einer deutschen Volluniversität. Methodik: Im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Onlinestudie wurden 1383 Studierende einer deutschen Universität zu ihrem Alkoholkonsum, den damit verbundenen sozialen Folgen und ihren sportlichen Aktivitäten befragt. Als Instrument kam der 27 Items umfassende Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test sowie ein Erhebungsverfahren zur Erfassung der habituellen sportlichen Aktivität zum Einsatz. Ergebnisse: Studierende, die regelmäßig und intensiv sportlich aktiv sind, weisen eine höhere Screeningrate für alkoholbezogene Störungen auf als Studierende, die gar nicht oder nur unregelmäßig aktiv sind. Dieser Zusammenhang gilt insbesondere für Mannschaftssportarten, aber auch für Fitnessaktivitäten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse der Studie bestätigen amerikanische Forschungsbeiträge, die sportliche Aktivitäten bei Studierenden als einen Treiber für den Alkoholkonsum identifizieren. Sportorganisationen im Umfeld von Hochschulen sollten in der Alkoholprävention an Hochschulen zukünftig eine größere Berücksichtigung finden.


2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urska Agrez ◽  
Christa Winkler Metzke ◽  
Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
Keyword(s):  

Zusammenfassung. Der Young Adult Self-Report (YASR) erfasst behaviorale und emotionale Symptome bei jungen Erwachsenen im Alter von 18 bis 30 Jahre. Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Überprüfung der psychometrischen Qualität der deutschen Version des YASR auf der Basis von Daten aus einer großen epidemiologischen Stichprobe junger Erwachsener in der Schweiz (N = 951; Durchschnittsalter = 19.8, SD = 1.6; 56.3% Frauen). Die syndromale Struktur der amerikanischen Originalversion wurde in den Stichprobendaten mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse gut repliziert. Mit Ausnahme der Skala Schizoid/zwanghaftes Denken sind alle Skalen für Forschungszwecke ausreichend zuverlässig. Aufgrund mangelnder interner Konsistenz einzelner Skalen müssen individuelle Testergebnisse mit Vorsicht interpretiert werden.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Bailey ◽  
Gregory Mlynarczyk ◽  
Robert West

Abstract. Working memory supports our ability to maintain goal-relevant information that guides cognition in the face of distraction or competing tasks. The N-back task has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience to examine the functional neuroanatomy of working memory. Fewer studies have capitalized on the temporal resolution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of neural activity in the N-back task. The primary goal of the current study was to characterize slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval in the N-back task that may be related to maintenance of information between trials in the task. In three experiments, we examined the effects of N-back load, interference, and response accuracy on the amplitude of the P3b following stimulus onset and slow wave activity elicited in the response-to-stimulus interval. Consistent with previous research, the amplitude of the P3b decreased as N-back load increased. Slow wave activity over the frontal and posterior regions of the scalp was sensitive to N-back load and was insensitive to interference or response accuracy. Together these findings lead to the suggestion that slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval is related to the maintenance of information between trials in the 1-back task.


Author(s):  
Anna Soveri ◽  
Eric P. A. Karlsson ◽  
Otto Waris ◽  
Petra Grönholm-Nyman ◽  
Matti Laine

Abstract. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the pattern of near transfer effects of working memory (WM) training with an adaptive auditory-visuospatial dual n-back training task in healthy young adults. The results revealed significant task-specific transfer to an untrained single n-back task, and more general near transfer to a WM updating composite score plus a nearly significant effect on a composite score measuring interference control in WM. No transfer effects were seen on Active or Passive WM composites. The results are discussed in the light of cognitive versus strategy-related overlap between training and transfer tasks.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document