This chapter examines the main doctrines or principles of EU law. It is divided into three sections. It starts with a discussion on the principle of direct effect and indirect effect, with reference to regulations, directives and international agreements. It then considers the doctrine of supremacy or primacy of EU law with reference to a selection of Member States and the UK. The chapter also considers state liability for breach of EU law, and other remedies.
Who Are the ‘Gatekeepers’?: In Continuation of the Debate on the Direct Applicability and the Direct Effect of EU International Agreements