scholarly journals The F1 ledge: density, height and slope

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Reinisch ◽  
X. Huang

Diurnal variations of the F1 region ionization at 170 km altitude and the slope ?170 = dN/dh at this height are analyzed for mid-latitude and equatorial stations: Millstone Hill, Ramey, Puerto Madryn and Jicamarca. Both the density N(t) and the slope ?(t)at 170 km show well defined diurnal variations with day-to-day variabilities of less than 10%. The heights of the F1 ledge, hmF1, are spread over ± 20 km and are therefore of limited value for modeling purposes.

Author(s):  
L.E. Murr

Ledges in grain boundaries can be identified by their characteristic contrast features (straight, black-white lines) distinct from those of lattice dislocations, for example1,2 [see Fig. 1(a) and (b)]. Simple contrast rules as pointed out by Murr and Venkatesh2, can be established so that ledges may be recognized with come confidence, and the number of ledges per unit length of grain boundary (referred to as the ledge density, m) measured by direct observations in the transmission electron microscope. Such measurements can then give rise to quantitative data which can be used to provide evidence for the influence of ledges on the physical and mechanical properties of materials.It has been shown that ledge density can be systematically altered in some metals by thermo-mechanical treatment3,4.


1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2_Supplb) ◽  
pp. S177-S187
Author(s):  
J. Odink ◽  
H. Sandman ◽  
A.J. Speek ◽  
W.H.P. Schreurs

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 418-418
Author(s):  
F. Rosa ◽  
J. S. Osorio ◽  
J. Lohakare ◽  
M. Moridi ◽  
A. Ferrari ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 6784-6792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Fushimi ◽  
Rota Wagai ◽  
Masao Uchida ◽  
Shuichi Hasegawa ◽  
Katsuyuki Takahashi ◽  
...  

1979 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ponassi ◽  
L. Morra ◽  
F. Bonanni ◽  
A. Molinari ◽  
G. Gigli ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (D15) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Sahu ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
Y. Miyazaki ◽  
Prapat Pongkiatkul ◽  
N. T. Kim Oanh

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