scholarly journals Russian Polar expedition and geopolitical interests at the turn of the XIXth and XXth centuries. Part 2. E.V. Toll’s expeditions and their geopolitical significance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Я. Докучаев ◽  
Ф.В. Кулаков ◽  
Г.Р. Крехан ◽  
А.Г. Гурбанов ◽  
К.В. Лобанов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taimyr Peninsula ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
New Siberian Islands ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Русская Полярная экспедиция (РПЭ) была важна с точки зрения геополитических интересов России: она имела широкий научный и общественный резонанс, находилась под Высочайшим покровительством президента Императорской Академии наук Великого князя Константина Константиновича. Оставшиеся в живых участники РПЭ и их последователи преодолели все сложности для того, чтобы спасти и сохранить геологические коллекции, собранные Э.В. Толлем на Таймыре и Новосибирских островах. Научные данные, полученные в ходе экспедиции, были столь значительны, что их обработка продолжалась вплоть до «дела Академии наук» (1929–1931 гг.) и ее реорганизации. Геологические образцы и некоторые документы Русской Полярной и других экспедиций с участием Э.В. Толля хранятся ныне в Рудно-петрографическом музее ИГЕМ РАН и доступны для дальнейших исследований. The Russian Polar Expedition (RPE) was important for Russian geopolitical interests: it had a broad social and academic resonance and was under the auspices of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, the President of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences. The survived personnel of RPE and their followers managed to overcome the diffi culties to preserve the geological collections gathered by E.V. Toll at the Taimyr Peninsula and New Siberian Islands. The scientifi c results of the expedition were of paramount importance and were continuously studied and processes until the lawsuit of «The Plot at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR» was launched in 1929–1931, after which the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was reorganized. Geological samples and some documents of the Russian Arctic and other expeditions with the participation of E.V. Toll are now housed at the Ore and Petrographic Museum at IGEM RAS and are available for further studies.

scholarly journals The astronomer - N. N. Donitch

2003 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
A.A. Baikov ◽  
A. Gaina
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Main Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Solar Eclipses ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper describes a history of friendship and collaboration between the astronomers N. Donitch and A.A. Baikov. Information on other astronomers L.V. Okulitch and E.A. Von der Pahlen, and meteorologists V.H. Dubinskii and Nina Gouma, can also be found. Details on the expeditions aimed at observing the total solar eclipses on 30 August 1905 (organized by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Sankt-Petersburg) and 19 June 1936 (organized by the Romanian Royal Cultural foundation) are given. The main part represents the first English translation of the paper by Baikov, published earlier in Russian and Romanian, with a new preface, annotations, and comments.

scholarly journals Listy Władysława Taczanowskiego do Aleksandra Straucha w zbiorach Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk – interesujący przyczynek historii zoologii w XIX wieku

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Piotr Daszkiewicz ◽  
Dominika Mierzwa-Szymkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Interesting Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Zoology ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Letters from Władysław Taczanowski to Alexander Strauch in the Russian Academy of Sciences Collections. An Interesting Contribution to the History of Zoology in the Nineteenth Century The article presents the Polish translation and analysis of the letters from Władysław Taczanowski (1819–1890) to Aleksander Strauch (1832–1893). The correspondence is stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg and comprises 29 letters written between 1870 and 1889. The main theme of these letters is specimens of reptiles and amphibians sent to Warsaw by Polish naturalists, such as Benedykt Dybowski from Siberia, Konstanty Jelski from French Guiana and Peru, Jan Kalinowski from Korea, as well as specimens brought by Taczanowski from Algeria. Strauch determined the species and used them in his publications. This correspondence is also a valuable testimony of the exchange of specimens between the Warsaw Zoological Cabinet and the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. In return for herpetological specimens, the Warsaw collection received numerous fish specimens from the Russian Empire and a collection of birds from Mikołaj Przewalski’s expedition to Central Asia. The content of the letters allows a better understanding of the functioning of natural history museography but also the organization of shipments, preparation, determination, and exchange of specimens. They are a valuable document of the history of nineteenth-century scientific museography.

Ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic (Carnian–Norian) of the New Siberian Islands, Russian Arctic, and their implications for the evolution of the ichthyosaurian basicranium and vertebral column

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Nikolay G. ZVERKOV ◽  
Dmitry V. GRIGORIEV ◽  
Andrzej S. WOLNIEWICZ ◽  
Alexey G. KONSTANTINOV ◽  
Evgeny S. SOBOLEV
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
New Siberian Islands ◽  
Group Relationships

ABSTRACT The first ichthyosaurian specimens discovered from the Upper Triassic of the Russian Arctic (Kotelny Island, New Siberian Islands) are described herein. They include the remains of large- to small-bodied ichthyosaurians originating from six stratigraphic levels spanning the lower Carnian to middle Norian. The material is mostly represented by isolated vertebrae and ribs, which are not possible to accurately diagnose, but also includes specimens comprising associated vertebrae and a fragmentary skeleton that preserves cranial remains (parabasisphenoid, fragmentary quadrate, partial mandible and hyoids). Based on vertebral and rib morphology, we identify the specimens as representatives of the following taxonomic groups: large-bodied shastasaurids, medium-sized indeterminate ichthyosaurians with a single rib facet in the presacral centra, and small euichthyosaurians with double rib facets present throughout the presacral vertebrae that likely represent toretocnemids and/or basal parvipelvians. In addition, the cranial and mandibular remains preserved in one of the specimens, ZIN PH 5/250, were studied using micro-computed tomography. Its mandible is highly similar to that of toretocnemids, whereas the parabasisphenoid demonstrates a peculiar combination of both plesiomorphic and derived character states, providing the first detailed data on this cranial element in a Late Triassic ichthyosaurian. Furthermore, the specimen also demonstrates a distinctive condition of rib articulation in the anteriormost presacral (cervical) vertebrae, which together with other features allows for the erection of a new taxon – Auroroborealia incognita gen. et sp. nov. Although the phylogenetic position of this taxon is uncertain due to its fragmentary nature, its anatomy, indicating toretocnemid or parvipelvian affinities, further supports the previously hypothesised sister-group relationships between these two clades. The morphology of the parabasisphenoid and vertebral column of the new taxon is discussed in broader contexts of the patterns of evolution of these skeletal regions in ichthyosaurs.

STUDIES OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA BY RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS (THE END OF THE 18TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Oxana M. Kurnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The rich historical past of the Crimean peninsula, its natural wealth and resources, its beauty at all times attracted the attention of traveling researchers. In the period from the last quarter of the 15th century up to the end of the 18th century, Western and Eastern researchers, visiting the Crimean peninsula for various purposes, studied its geography, biology, and history. Russian scientists-travelers did not have the opportunity to make research trips across the Crimea until the end of the 18th century due to the fact that for three centuries (from 1475 till 1774) the Crimean peninsula was part of the Ottoman Empire, being one of its most important provinces, both in trade, economic, and military-strategic terms. With the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 1783, started the development of newly acquired territories. The beginning of the study of the lands of the Crimean peninsula by Russian scientists is primarily associated with political and economic changes and transformations in the region. For the development and growth of the economy of the Crimean region, information was needed about the structure of the region, its socio-economic and ethnographic features, as well as about its natural resources. Therefore, by order of the Empress of Russia Catherine II and the instructions of the country’s government, the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts sends its scientists to the Crimea. Among Russian pioneers of the Crimean peninsula research in the late 18th century there were Vasily Zuev (1754–1794), Carl Ludwig Habliz (1752–1821), Theodor Chyorny (1745–1790), and Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811). The expeditions of these outstanding scholars and travellers commenced the Crimean exploration by Russian scientists in various fields of science, thus, the end of the 18th century should be considered the beginning of Russian Crimean studies.

scholarly journals II. On a supposed periodicity in the elements of terrestrial mag­netism, with a period of 26 1/3 days

1872 ◽  
Vol 20 (130-138) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Periodical Change

In a paper published in the ‘Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna,’ vol. lxiv., Dr. Karl Hornstein has exhibited the results of a series of observations which appeared to show that the earths magnetism undergoes a periodical change in successive periods of 26 1/3 days, which might with great plausibility be referred to the rotation of the sun. It appeared to me that the deductions from the magnetic observations made at the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, and which are printed annually in the Greenwich Observations,’ or in the detached copies of ‘Results of Magnetical and Meteorological Observations made at the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, would afford good materials for testing the accuracy of this law, as applicable to a series of years. The mew results of the measured hourly ordinates of the terrestrial magnetic elements are given for every day, and it is certain that there has been no change of adjustments of the declination and horizontal-force instruments in the course of each year. For the horizontal-force instrument the temperature of the room has been maintained in a generally equable state, and in later years it has been remarkably uniform.

scholarly journals I. On the evidence of the existence of the decennial inequality in the solar-diurnal magnetic variations, and its non-existence in the lunar-diurnal variation, of the declination at Hobarton

1857 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hourly Observation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Magnetic Observatories

In a report presented to the British Association at Liverpool in September 1854, entitled "On some of the results obtained at the British Colonial Magnetic Observatories," I stated that, as far as my examination of the observations had then gone, I had found in the Lunar-diurnal magnetic variation no trace of the decennial period which is so distinctly marked in all the variations connected with the Sun. And in a subsequent communication to the Royal Society in June 1856, “On the Lunar-diurnal Variation at Toronto,” in which the moon’s influence on each of the three magnetic elements was examined, the conclusion arrived at was to the same effect, viz. that the observations at Toronto “showed no appearance of the decennial period which constitutes so marked a feature in the solar-diurnal variations.” Since these statements were made, I have read M. Kreil’s memoir “On the Influence of the Moon on the horizontal component of the Magnetic Force,” presented to the Imperial Academy of Sciences at Vienna in 1852 and printed in 1853, from which I learn (pp. 45, 46) that M. Kreil is of opinion that the observations of different years at Milan and Prague, when combined, would rather favour the supposition that the same decennial period which exists in the solar variation affects also the lunar magnetic influence. The question is one of such manifest importance in its theoretical bearing, that I considered it desirable to lose no time in re-examining it by the aid of the Hobarton observations, which, as it appeared to me, were particularly suitable for the purpose, inasmuch as they consist of eight consecutive years of hourly observation (from January 1841 to December 1848 inclusive), made with one and the same set of instruments, and by a uniform system of observation. The results of this examination have been, as it appears to me, so decidedly confirmatory of the conclusions drawn from the Toronto observations, both as regards the existence of the decennial period in the two classes of solar-diurnal variation (viz. in the mean diurnal variation occasioned by the disturbances of large amount, and in what may be termed the more regular solar-diurnal variation), and the non-existence of a similar decennial period in the case of the lunar-diurnal variation, that I have been induced to make these results the subject of a communication to the Royal Society.

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