Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea

1998 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Thermal Habitat ◽  
Finger Lakes

<em>Abstract</em>.—A lethal thiamine deficiency afflicting larval landlocked Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>in several of New York’s Finger Lakes has been linked to a maternal diet of the exotic, thiaminase-rich alewife <em>Alosa pseudoharengus</em>. To evaluate why trout and char species in the Finger Lakes are apparently not affected by this “Cayuga syndrome,” levels of thiamine in the whole blood of syndromepositive and syndrome-negative stocks of Atlantic salmon were compared with levels in lake trout <em>Salvelinus namaycush</em>, brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em>, and rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>from Cayuga and/or Seneca lakes. Thiamine levels did not differ between sexes within any species or stock. Consistent with the hypothesis that thermal habitat partitioning may predispose the salmon to more dietary thiaminase than other Finger Lakes salmonids, thiamine levels in the salmon that produced syndrome-positive sac fry were significantly lower than levels measured in Finger Lakes brown trout and rainbow trout. In contrast, there was no difference between the syndrome-positive salmon and Finger Lakes lake trout, possibly because the male char were in starved (postspawned) condition. Regressions of maternal blood or egg thiamine versus maternal weight and length were not significant for salmon that produced syndrome-positive sac fry; yet, a significant inverse relationship was detected for the syndrome-negative salmon from the Adirondack progenitor stock. These findings may reflect the transition of these reference control salmon from a thiaminase-poor invertebrate diet to a piscivorous diet of thiaminase-active smelt <em>Osmerus mordax</em>.

Muscle Protein Electrophoresis in the GenusSalmoof Eastern Canada

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2109-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Gray ◽  
J. A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Eastern Canada

The muscle protein pattern of Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar L.) examined differed markedly from that of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Atlantic salmon muscle proteins from six areas were not influenced by the differences in sex, stage of maturation, or geographical location. The muscle proteins of brown trout taken from two areas in Newfoundland were similar and could not be easily distinguished from that of rainbow trout from Newfoundland. A polymorphism was observed in the pattern of rainbow trout from Great Pond, Nfld. The consistency of the patterns within species suggests that they may provide useful characters for identification purposes.

Metals-contaminated benthic invertebrates in the Clark Fork River Montana: effects on age-0 brown trout and rainbow trout

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1994-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Woodward ◽  
Aïda M. Farag ◽  
Harold L. Bergman ◽  
Aaron J. DeLonay ◽  
Edward E. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Clark Fork River ◽  
Young Of The Year

Benthic organisms in the upper Clark Fork River have recently been implicated as a dietary source of metals that may be a chronic problem for young-of-the-year rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this present study, early life stage brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout were exposed for 88 d to simulated Clark Fork River water and a diet of benthic invertebrates collected from the river. These exposures resulted in reduced growth and elevated levels of metals in the whole body of both species. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb increased in whole brown trout; in rainbow trout, As and Cd increased in whole fish, and As also increased in liver. Brown trout on the metals-contaminated diets exhibited constipation, gut impaction, increased cell membrane damage (lipid peroxidation), decreased digestive enzyme production (zymogen), and a sloughing of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. Rainbow trout fed the contaminated diets exhibited constipation and reduced feeding activity. We believe that the reduced standing crop of trout in the Clark Fork River results partly from chronic effects of metals contamination in benthic invertebrates that are important as food for young-of-the-year fish.

Relative sensitivity of brown and rainbow trout to pulsed exposures of an acutely lethal mixture of metals typical of the Clark Fork River, Montana

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2005-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. A. Marr ◽  
H. L. Bergman ◽  
M. Parker ◽  
J. Lipton ◽  
D. Cacela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Clark Fork River

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry and juveniles were episodically or continuously exposed to a metals mixture (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd): the concentrations and ratios of the metals, and variations in water quality (pH, hardness), were selected to represent conditions measured during episodic storm events in the Clark Fork River, Montana. Brown trout fry were more sensitive (lower LC50) than rainbow trout fry to the metals in 8-h exposures with constant hardness and pH, but less sensitive to elevated metal concentrations in conjunction with depressed hardness and pH. Fry were more sensitive than juveniles when exposure was continuous, but neither life stage was clearly more sensitive when exposure was pulsed. Whole-body concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ but not Na+ were significantly depressed in fry exposed to metals. Results support the hypotheses that changes in water quality during thunderstorms are lethal to fry and juvenile life stages of brown and rainbow trouts and that the relative sensitivity of the species to the metals mixture may explain their distributions in the Clark Fork River. Low-frequency extreme conditions may effectively act as a bottleneck on the viability of populations whose relative sensitivities to such extremes may control distributions of species in a system.

scholarly journals Higher mortality of the less suitable brown trout host compared to the principal Atlantic salmon host when infested with freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) glochidia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janhavi Marwaha ◽  
Per Johan Jakobsen ◽  
Sten Karlsson ◽  
Bjørn Mejdell Larsen ◽  
Sebastian Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Other ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Freshwater Pearl Mussel ◽  
Host Interaction

AbstractThe freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) is a highly host-specific parasite, with an obligate parasitic stage on salmonid fish. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta f. trutta and Salmo trutta f. fario) are the only hosts in their European distribution. Some M. margaritifera populations exclusively infest either Atlantic salmon or brown trout, while others infest both hosts with one salmonid species typically being the principal host and the other a less suitable host. Glochidial abundance, prevalence and growth are often used as parameters to measure host suitability, with the most suitable host species displaying the highest parameters. However, it is not known if the degree of host specialisation will negatively influence host fitness (virulence) among different host species. In this study we examined the hypothesis that glochidial infestation would result in differential virulence in two salmonid host species and that lower virulence would be observed on the most suitable host. Atlantic salmon and brown trout were infested with glochidia from two M. margaritifera populations that use Atlantic salmon as their principal host, and the difference in host mortality among infested and control (sham infested) fish was examined. Higher mortality was observed in infested brown trout (the less suitable host) groups, compared to the other test groups. Genetic assignment was used to identify offspring from individual mother mussels. We found that glochidia from individual mothers can infest both the salmonid hosts; however, some mothers displayed a bias towards either salmon or trout. We believe that the differences in host-dependent virulence and the host bias displayed by individual mothers were a result of genotype × genotype interactions between the glochidia and their hosts, indicating that there is an underlying genetic component for this parasite-host interaction.

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