scholarly journals An in vivo Evaluation of Different Methods of Working Length Determination

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shah ◽  
Sarita Singh ◽  
Jyoti Mandlik ◽  
Kalpana Pawar ◽  
Paras Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Extraction Working ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the ability of digital tactile, digital radiographic and electronic methods to determine reliability in locating the apical constriction. Materials and methods Informed consent was obtained from patients scheduled for orthodontic extraction. The teeth were anesthetized, isolated and accessed. The canals were negotiated, pulp chamber and canals were irrigated and pulp was extirpated. The working length was then evaluated for each canal by digital tactile sensation, an electronic apex locator (The Root ZX) and digital radiography. The readings were then compared with post-extraction working length measurements. Results The percentage accuracy indicated that EAL method (Root ZX) shows maximum accuracy, i.e. 99.85% and digital tactile and digital radiographic method (DDR) showed 98.20 and 97.90% accuracy respectively. Clinical significance Hence, it can be concluded that the EAL method (Root ZX) produced most reliable results for determining the accurate working length. How to cite this article Mandlik J, Shah N, Pawar K, Gupta P, Singh S, Shaik SA. An in vivo Evaluation of Different Methods of Working Length Determination. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):644-648.

scholarly journals An in vivo Study to determine the Effects of Early Preflaring on the Working Length in Curved Mesial Canals of Mandibular Molars

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud K AL-Omiri ◽  
Azhar Iqbal ◽  
Iftikhar Akbar
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Group A ◽  
Length Determination

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the effects of a preflaring method on the determination of working length in the curved mesial canals of mandibular molars. Materials and methods Ninety mandibular molars with apical curvature of 30 to 40° were selected and randomly divided into two groups; each containing 45 teeth. In the first group, the initial instrumentation was performed with preflaring on the mesiobuccal canal (preflared group), and in the second group; the instrumentation was performed without preflaring on the mesiobuccal canal (nonpreflared group). A size 15 K-file was inserted in the mesiobuccal canals until the apical constriction could be felt by tactile sensation and a radiograph was taken to identify the distance between the file tip and radiographic apex. The location of the tip was classified as (a) within 1 mm of the radiographic apex, (b) more than 1 mm of the radiographic apex, or (c) overextended beyond the radiographic apex. The collected data was statistically analyzed and probability value was set to be ≤ 0.05. Results The file tip was significantly closer to the true working length in the canals with early preflaring compared to the canals without early preflaring (p < 0.005). In the preflared group; 75.5% of the cases had the file tip in location ‘a’, 13.3% in location ‘b’, and 11.1% in location ‘c’. In the nonpreflared group; 33.3% of the cases had the file tip in location ‘a’, 53.3% in location ‘b’ and 13.3% in location ‘c’. Conclusion Preflaring the coronal portion of curved canals greatly improved the access to the apical constriction, and thus enhanced correct working length determination. If the coronal portion of the curved canals is not preflared, the clinician cannot discern the accuracy of what they feel apically. Thus, preflaring is a highly recommended procedure especially in curved canals for better determination of correct working length. How to cite this article Iqbal A, Akbar I, AL-Omiri MK. An in vivo Study to determine the Effects of Early Preflaring on the Working Length in Curved Mesial Canals of Mandibular Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):163-167.

An In Vivo Evaluation of Two Types of Files used to Accurately Determine the Diameter of the Apical Constriction of a Root Canal: An In Vivo Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Manwar ◽  
Sumeet Darda ◽  
D.D. Shori
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
File Size ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Working Length

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to compare sizes of the first instrument with or without a taper that binds at the apical constriction of a root canal after coronal flaring. Methods and Materials A total of 310 canals were evaluated in patients presenting for root canal therapy. Canals with intact apices were selected. After gaining straight line endodontic access, the coronal third was flared using Gates-Glidden drills. Working length was determined using an apex locator. ISO Standard K-files (tapered) were passively introduced into the canals starting with a No. 15 file. The first K-file size to bind against the canal walls without pushing and to reach the working length was recorded as the FKFB (First K File to Bind). Next, ISO Standard Lightspeed files (non-tapered instruments) starting with No. 20 were then gently introduced by hand to each canal in ascending order to the working length. The first size of a Lightspeed instrument to bind against the canal walls and reach the working length was recorded as FLSB (First Light Speed to Bind). In all instances a larger file was introduced to ensure it could not reach the same depth (i.e., working length). Statistical analysis was carried out using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The average size of the FLSB to bind against the canal walls first at the working length was approximately two ISO sizes larger than the FKFB (P<0.001). Conclusion The clinician should consider introducing a non-tapered instrument to working length after coronal flaring because determination of the initial narrow apical canal diameter plays a major factor in identifying the extent of final apical shaping. Because the first non-tapered instrument that binds the apical constriction is larger than the corresponding tapered instrument, it better reflects the actual narrow apical diameter of the canal. Clinical Significance The initiation of canal instrumentation with a K-file size three sizes beyond the mean values of the FLSB will result in greater final enlargement of the canal compared to starting with the FKFB. This increased canal enlargement facilitates improved mechanical and chemical cleansing of the root canal ensuring removal of more microorganisms and their substrates, thus, improving the outcome of the treatment. Citation Darda S, Manwar N, Chandak M, Shori DD. An In Vivo Evaluation of Two Types of Files used to Accurately Determine the Diameter of the Apical Constriction of a Root Canal: An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:043-050.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Working Length Measured by Apex Locator and Digital Radiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Ghulam Ishaq Khan ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Talha Khan ◽  
Saroosh Ehsan ◽  
Anam Fayyaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Actual Working ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the measurements of electronic and radiographic method of working lengths calculation with actual working length of root canals. Precise working length determination is the most important part for successful root canal procedure. The most commonly used methods to determine the working length in root canal treatment are radiography and electronic apex locator. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was done over a period of 06 months in the Department of Operative Dentistry, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Sixty patients who were recommended extraction of their premolar teeth with sixty canals were selected by convenience sampling. The Root ZX* apex locator was used to determine electronic working length exactly identifying the apical constriction. Reference points were identified and radiographic working length were determined 1mm short of radiographic apex. The teeth were extracted along with file cemented before extraction inside root canal. The actual length of the root canal was then calculated using the same files and reference point with 3.5X magnification. Pearson chi square test was applied to compare the apex locator and digital radiographic measurement with actual working length. RESULTS: The Root ZX® apex locator was 95% accurate to identify the apical constriction as compared 70% accuracy given by radiographs within 0.5 mm of the apex. CONCLUSION: Electronic apex locator was more accurate as compared to digital radiography in working length determination. KEYWORDS: Working length (WL), Electronic apex locators (EAL), Radiographic working length(RWL), Apical constriction (AC) HOW TO CITE: Khan GI, Khan MT, Ehsan S, Fayyaz A, Malik HA, Hussain S. Accuracy of working length measured by apex locator and digital radiography. J Pak Dent Assoc 2021;30(1):24-28.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Electronic Apex Locators and Radiovisiography for Working Length Determination in Primary Teeth in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha Tandon ◽  
Ahsan Abdullah ◽  
Neerja Singh ◽  
Monika S Rathore ◽  
Balakrishnan Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Length Determination

scholarly journals In vivo accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic methods in confirming root canal working length determination by Root ZX

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Accorsi Orosco ◽  
Norberti Bernardineli ◽  
Roberto Brandão Garcia ◽  
Clovis Monteiro Bramante ◽  
Marco Antonio Húngaro Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Length Determination

scholarly journals Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locator for Determining the Root Canal Length in Presence of Blood - An In Vitro Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Bashar ◽  
Reema Joshi ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

Present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of Electronic Apex Locator to measure the root canal length in presence of blood, an unavoidable event during extirpation of vital pulp. A number of sixty (60) previously untreated extracted human maxillary and mandibular permanent mature anterior teeth having more or less straight roots with single root canal were included in the study. Root canal lengths were measured using a no. 15 k-file (Mani Inc, Tokyo Japan) in all the teeth until it was just visible through apical foramen that was confirmed by viewing them in Stereomicroscope. The measurements obtained by the Stereomicroscope of all teeth were consider as the ‘Gold standard' and was also consider as the actual length of those teeth. Using an Electronic Apex locator (Foramatron D 10, Percell, USA) was used to measure the canal length of the same sixty teeth introducing human blood into the canal. Now the measurements taken by Electronic Apex locator (EAL) in presence of blood were compared with the actual length taken by the stereomicroscope and difference in the error length compared with stereomicroscopic length were calculated in a range from -0.5mm to >1 mm. It was observed that working length measurements by EAL in presence of blood within canal mostly remain within clinically acceptable range (± 0.5 mm).   DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v37i1.3602 Bangladesh Medical Journal 37(1) 2008 15-18

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