Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locator for Determining the Root Canal Length in Presence of Blood - An In Vitro Study

Present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of Electronic Apex Locator to measure the root canal length in presence of blood, an unavoidable event during extirpation of vital pulp. A number of sixty (60) previously untreated extracted human maxillary and mandibular permanent mature anterior teeth having more or less straight roots with single root canal were included in the study. Root canal lengths were measured using a no. 15 k-file (Mani Inc, Tokyo Japan) in all the teeth until it was just visible through apical foramen that was confirmed by viewing them in Stereomicroscope. The measurements obtained by the Stereomicroscope of all teeth were consider as the ‘Gold standard' and was also consider as the actual length of those teeth. Using an Electronic Apex locator (Foramatron D 10, Percell, USA) was used to measure the canal length of the same sixty teeth introducing human blood into the canal. Now the measurements taken by Electronic Apex locator (EAL) in presence of blood were compared with the actual length taken by the stereomicroscope and difference in the error length compared with stereomicroscopic length were calculated in a range from -0.5mm to >1 mm. It was observed that working length measurements by EAL in presence of blood within canal mostly remain within clinically acceptable range (± 0.5 mm). DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v37i1.3602 Bangladesh Medical Journal 37(1) 2008 15-18

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Efficacy of Biodentine as an Apical Plug in Nonvital Permanent Teeth with Open Apices: An In Vitro Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/359275 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mehmet Bani ◽

Elif Sungurtekin-Ekçi ◽

Mesut Enes Odabaş

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Fluid Filtration ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov

The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical microleakage of Biodentine and MTA orthograde apical plugs and to compare the effect of thickness of these biomaterials on their sealing ability. A total of eighty maxillary anterior teeth were used. The apices were removed by cutting with a diamond disc (Jota, Germany) 2 mm from the apical root end in an attempt to standardize the working length of all specimens to 15 ± 1 mm. Both materials were placed in 1–4 mm thickness as apical plugs root canal. Root canal leakage was evaluated by the fluid filtration technique. One-way ANOVA was used in order to determine normality of dispersal distribution of parameters; thereafter, results were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Overall, between microleakage values of MTA and Biodentine regardless of apical plug thickness, no difference was observed. In terms of plug thickness, a statistically significant difference was observed between the subgroups of MTA and Biodentine (p<0.05). The apical sealing ability of Biodentine was comparable to MTA at any apical plug thickness.

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Comparison of Accuracy in Determining the Root Canal Working Length by Using Two Generations of Apex Locators – An In Vitro Study

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.696 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (19) ◽

pp. 3276-3280

Author(s):

Kapil Golvankar ◽

Mohammed Abdul Kader ◽

Abhilash Abdul Latheef ◽

Ahamed Babiker Mohammed Ali ◽

Shahabe Saquib Abullais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Actual Length ◽

Anova Test ◽

Actual Working ◽

Diagnostic Unit ◽

Working Length ◽

One Way Anova

AIM: The present in-vitro study aims to compare the accuracy of root canal working length determination between the third generation and fourth generation electronic apex locators. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty extracted single-rooted single canal teeth were selected for the study, and a definite coronal plane was prepared. Actual working length (AL) was measured using a stereomicroscope under 8X magnification. Electronic working length measurements were recorded using Root ZX (EL1) and Elements Diagnostic Unit (EL2) apex locators. One-way ANOVA test was carried out to analyse the data among the experimental groups. RESULTS: The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that difference in the working length determined by either apex locators (EL1 and EL2) and actual length determined under a stereomicroscope (AL) was statistically not significant. The independent ‘t’ test comparing between groups EL1 and AL; and EL2 and AL showed that working length determined by either of the apex locators (EL1 and EL2) and actual length determined under a stereomicroscope (AL) was statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: In this in vitro study, the Root ZX and Elements Diagnostic Unit apex locators are equally accurate for determination of working length when compared to actual working length.

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The effect ofWi-Fi signals on the measurement accuracy of electronic apex locator during root canal therapy

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.747 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Dr. Hashim M. Hussein ◽

Dr. Nooruldeen A. Saeed. ◽

Dr. Mantadher S. Kudhair

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

P Value ◽

Single Root ◽

Network Connection ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Determination ◽

Electronic Apex Locator

Background: The using of devices that emitted electromagnetic radiation has beenlimited in many healthcare centers to prevent interference with medical devices.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of Wi-Fi Router(Tenda FH456) on working length determination using electronic apex locator(NSK-iPex II) in the presence of network connection with tablet (GT-N800) ornot.Materials and methods: Twenty-five intact teeth with a single root were sectioned atthe cementoenamel junction. Visually, roots were examined understereomicroscope (X20) and the working length was determined using a size 15K-file. The effect of Tenda Wi-Fi router on accuracy of electronic working lengthmeasurement of electronic apex locator (iPex II) was determined in this study inclosed room under 5 conditions (without router and tablet, with router in differentdistances 1 meter and 3 meters from electronic apex locator, with router andconnected with tablet in different distances 1 meter and 3 meters from electronicapex locator). The electronic working length was measured 3 times per canalunder each condition. The data were compared using analysis of variance.Results: The mean of working length measured under microscope was (13.30), andthe mean of working length by electronic apex locator was (13.14) while the meanvalues of working length in different conditions was fixed (13.12). Analysis ofvariance test (ANOVA) showed non-significant difference among working lengthmeasurements in different conditions (P-value ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, stability and reliability ofiPex II apex locator in measurement of electronic working length where notinfluenced when placed in (1M, 3M) from Wi-Fi router and active Tablet(connected to network by Wi-Fi and streaming online videos). During root canaltherapy, active Tablet can be used in the dental operatory without the fear ofcausing electromagnetic interference in electronic working length determination.

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A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Electronic Apex Locator, Digital Radiography, and Conventional Radiographic Method for Root Canal Working Length Determination in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 523-528

Author(s):

Ritika Malhotra ◽

Dipanshu Kumar ◽

Kapil Gandhi ◽

Geetika Datta ◽

Rishabh Kapoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digital Radiography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Radiographic Method ◽

Working Length ◽

Length Determination ◽

Electronic Apex Locator

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Effectiveness of a silicon-based root canal sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000100005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

João Vicente Baroni Barbizam ◽

Matheus Souza ◽

Doglas Cecchin ◽

Jakob Dabbel

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Root Canal Sealer ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Working Length ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Silicon Based

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of a silicon-based root canal sealer, compared to zinc oxide and eugenol and an epoxy resin-based sealers, for filling of simulated lateral canals. Thirty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected, conventional access was made and the working length was established 1 mm from the apical foramen. Three simulated lateral canals, one in each root third (coronal, middle and apical) were prepared in both the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth using a size 15 reamer adapted to a low-speed handpiece. Each root canal was instrumented using ProTaper rotary files up to file F3 at the working length, and then irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by EDTA. The teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=10), according to the root canal sealer: Roeko Seal (Group 1), Sealer 26 (group 2) and Grossman's sealer (Group 3). Gutta-percha cold lateral condensation technique was performed in all groups. Postoperative radiographs were taken and the images were projected for evaluation of the quality of lateral canal filling. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. The results showed that Grossman's sealer filled a larger number of lateral canals than Roeko Seal (p<0.05) and Sealer 26 (p<0.01). It may be concluded that Roeko Seal silicone-based root canal sealer was not as effective as the Grossman's sealer for filling of simulated lateral canals. The lateral canals localized in the apical third of the root were more difficult to be filled.

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A Comparative Evaluation of Four Different Techniques for Determining the Accuracy of Root Canal Working Length: An In Vitro Study

Dental Hypotheses ◽

10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_37_19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

RakeshKumar Yadav ◽

Harsh Bhoot ◽

Anil Chandra ◽

Promila Verma ◽

Ramesh Bharti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Working Length

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Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000400003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 289-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Orlando Limongi ◽

Diana Santana de Albuquerque ◽

Flares Baratto Filho ◽

José Roberto Vanni ◽

Elias P. Motcy de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Multislice Ct ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Root Canals ◽

Group I ◽

Working Length ◽

Root Dentin ◽

Dentin Thickness

This in vitro study compared, using computed tomography (CT), the amount of dentin removed from root canal walls by manual and mechanical rotary instrumentation techniques. Forty mandibular incisors with dental crown and a single canal were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups, according to the technique used for root canal preparation: Group I - manual instrumentation with stainless steel files; Group II - mechanical instrumentation with RaCe rotary nickel-titanium instruments. In each tooth, root dentin thickness of the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces in the apical, middle and cervical thirds of the canal was measured (in mm) using a multislice CT scanner (Siemens Emotion, Duo). Data were stored in the SPSS v. 11.5 and SigmaPlot 2001 v. 7.101 softwares. After crown opening, working length was determined, root canals were instrumented and new CT scans were taken for assessment of root dentin thickness. Pre- and post-instrumentation data were compared and analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test for significant differences (p=0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it may be concluded that regarding dentin removal from root canal walls during instrumentation, neither of the techniques can be considered more effective than the other.

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Effect of Calcium Hydroxide as a Root Canal Dressing Material on Dentin Fracture Strength In Primary Teeth–In Vitro Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-42.2.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 146-149

Author(s):

Fadi Said ◽

Moti Moskovitz

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Fracture Strength ◽

Root Canal ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing material on dentin microtensile fracture strength in human primary teeth in vitro. Study design: Thirty primary anterior teeth with root canals packed with calcium hydroxide were divided into groups of ten and immersed in saline at room temperature for 7, 30 and 90 days. Ten teeth with root canals filled with sterile saline were the control group. Microtensile fracture strength was measured in Mechanical tester Lloyd testing machine. Results: There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the fracture strength of the calcium hydroxide-filled teeth after 90 days (19.1 MPa) compared with the control (35.8 MPa). Dentin microtensile fracture strength of the calcium hydroxide-filled teeth decreased at an average of 0.142 MPa per day. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide placed in root canals for an extended time had a significantly negative effect on root strength. Long-term success of root canal treatment in primary anterior teeth is estimated as 65% with most of the failures result from trauma recurrence. Clinical Relevance: Our results stress the need to evaluate the pros and cons of root canal treatment compared to extractions of non-vital primary incisors.

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