Recurrent Skin Ulcers with Facial Dysmorphism and Sinopulmonary Infections: Thinking Beyond Hyper-IgE Syndrome

Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare inborn error of metabolism causing ulcers and other skin disorders, splenomegaly, developmental delay, and recurrent infections. Most of the literature is constituted of isolated case reports. It occurs due to the mutations in the prolidase gene (PEPD) that result in loss of prolidase activity. We reported here a child who had presented with features compatible with hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) like recurrent skin ulcers, recurrent infections, facial dysmorphism, retained primary teeth, and elevated levels of immunoglobulin E levels but with normal flow cytometric assays, which was later diagnosed as PD.

Developmental Dental Defects in Permanent Teeth Resulting from Trauma in Primary Dentition. A Systematic Review

The objective was to determine whether trauma in primary dentition causes alterations in the development of permanent dentition. Searches were made in May 2020 using PubMed, MEDLINE, MEDES, Scopus, Lilacs, and Embase. Papers in English, German, and Spanish, without restrictions in the year of publication, were included. The quality of the studies was analyzed using the NOS Scale. The search retrieved 537 references, and seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis. The results showed that trauma to a deciduous tooth can damage the bud of the permanent tooth. Enamel discoloration and/or hypoplasia were the most common sequelae in the permanent teeth after trauma to the primary predecessor. The type and severity of sequelae in the permanent tooth are associated with the development phase of the bud. Children with trauma of their primary teeth should receive checkups until the eruption of the permanent teeth for the early diagnosis and treatment of possible sequelae. Intrusion of the primary tooth was the trauma that caused the most damage and enamel alterations the most frequent sequelae.

Knowledge and Awareness of Turkish Mothers Regarding Primary Teeth

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the mothers’ knowledge and awareness of primary teeth. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 323 children and their mothers. A questionnaire form consisting of 10 questions about the definition of primary teeth, their total number and treatment requirements was applied to the mothers. Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The rate of wrong answers given by mothers with low education level to the question "What are primary teeth?" was significantly higher (p <0.001). The rate of correct answer given by mothers with low education level to the question "How many primary teeth are there in a healthy dentition?" was significantly lower (p = 0.002). The answer of "no" given by mothers with a low education level to the question "Do you think it is necessary to treat primary teeth?" was significantly higher (p=0.016). The rate of correct answer given by families with a monthly income above 5000 TL to the questions "What are primary teeth?" and "How many primary teeth are present totally?" were significantly higher (p=<0.001). Conclusion: The superior the education level and the monthly income of the family, the higher the rate of answering questions that require information.

Ex Vivo Assessment of Natural Teeth Wear against Zirconia and Novel Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Crowns in Primary Teeth by a Three-Dimensional Assessment Method

Objectives. The main purpose of the study was to assess the material wear, antagonistic natural primary teeth wear, and microhardness of zirconia (ZR), a recently launched novel glass-fiber-reinforced composite crown (GFRC). The research question was, are these aesthetic crowns resulting in antagonistic natural primary tooth wear and the crown material itself? Methods. Forty-five primary canines were divided into three groups (15 per group) and mounted against Zr (Group A), GFRC (Group B), and natural teeth as control (Group C) in the wear test machine. All samples were assessed for surface wear with pre- and post-3-dimensional scanning. In addition, microhardness was assessed for all three groups. Results. The mean microhardness value for the Zr disc was 1157 ± 7 HV; for the GFRC disc, it was 29.35 ± 2 HV; while with natural teeth, it was 105 ± 4 HV. There was a statistically significant difference in teeth wear in the prescan and postscan in the natural tooth ( p < 0.05 ) group, highly significant difference ( p < 0.001 ) in the ZR group, and no significant difference in the GFRC group. Conclusion. There is more significant wear loss of glass-fiber-reinforced composite discs as compared to zirconia. In addition, the wear of the antagonistic tooth with zirconia and natural teeth is more remarkable than with GFRC. There is a vast difference of microhardness between natural teeth and zirconia (almost 10 times higher) which suggests further scope of study. Clinical Relevance. Pediatric dentistry deals with the transition of dentition from primary to permanent through mixed dentition. Selection of restorative material needs to be done cautiously when we are dealing with primary teeth and young permanent teeth as antagonistic teeth. Wear of the crown material itself and opposing natural teeth are essential factors that should be considered in selecting crowns in clinical practice. The present study results can be extrapolated to clinical practice, and the practitioner can consider various factors in selecting full-coverage crowns for primary teeth. The vast difference in aesthetic crowns and natural teeth microhardness indicates a further need for research. Additionally, there is no literature published for the recently launched GFRCs.

Selective Outcome Reporting (SOR) in Pediatric Dentistry restorative treatment randomized clinical trials - A meta-research.

BackgroundSelective outcome reporting (SOR) is a type of bias that occurs when the primary outcome of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) is omitted or changed prospectively. We evaluated the prevalence of SOR in RCTs on restorative caries treatment in primary teeth.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search on ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) platform up to April/2021. We included RCT protocols that tested restorative treatments in primary teeth and excluded any protocol that has not resulted in at least one publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The Chi-square test was used to detect the association between SOR and other variables (α = 5%).ResultsOut of 294 potential protocols, thirty were included. We found 34 corresponding publications and had the one that seemed to report the primary outcome and longest follow-up, resulting in 30 publications. SOR was observed in 53.3% (n=16) of the published trials and was significantly associated with the discrepancy in the follow-up period (p=0.017).ConclusionThere is a considerable prevalence of selective outcome reporting (SOR) on restorative trials in primary teeth. Properly pre-registered protocols and assessing them for the peer review processes will help decrease SOR.Practical implicationsRestorative treatment trials in primary teeth that selectively modify outcomes of interest have been shown to distort the treatment effect. Practitioners should avoid using restorative treatments based on misleading results in clinical practice.