Intimacy and Distance – Domestic Servants in Latin American Women’s Cinema: La mujer sin cabeza and El niño pez/The Fish Child

Abstract Air temperature and relative humidity are the main drivers of many fungal diseases, such as moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri), which affects cocoa production worldwide. This disease occurs in some Latin American countries; however, it has not yet occurred in Brazil. Moniliasis could cause serious damage to the Brazilian cocoa production if present in the country. Therefore, to know the risks of moniliasis to cocoa production in the largest Brazilian producing region, in the state of Bahia, this study investigated the climatic favorability for the occurrence of this disease in this state, by defining and mapping the climatic risks and by assessing the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases on it. Daily air temperature and relative humidity data from 28 weather stations of the national weather network in the state of Bahia, between 1988 and 2018, were employed to determine the risk index for cocoa moniliasis occurrence (RICM), based on the number of days favorable to the disease, which was categorized in five levels of favorability, ranging from “unfavorable” to “very favorable”. Seasonal and annual RICM maps were generated by a multiple linear regression procedure, considering raster layers of latitude, longitude, and altitude. The maps showed a high spatial and temporal RICM variability in the state of Bahia, with the highest risk for moniliasis occurrence in the eastern part of the state, where most producing areas are located. The ENSO phase showed to influence cocoa moniliasis occurrence, with the years with a transition between El Niño and Neutral phases being the most critical for this disease in majority of assessed locations. These results show that cocoa producers in the state of Bahia, Brazil, should be concerned with moniliasis occurrence as a potential disease for their crops, mainly in the traditional producing regions and when ENOS is in a transition from El Niño to Neutral.

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Dimensiones políticas de la comunicación cinematográfica en la infancia y adolescencia

Visitas al Patio ◽

10.32997/rvp-vol.14-num.1-2020-2612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 216-219

Author(s):

Pablo Salinas

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

American Cinema ◽

Latin American Cinema

María Soledad Paz-Mackay y Omar Rodríguez. Politics of Children in Latin American Cinema. Lexington Books, 2019.Politics of Children in Latin American Cinema es un volumen colectivo, con un eje más temático que genérico o teórico, interesado en la dimensión política de la construcción del infante latinoamericano a través del cine. Los doce capítulos tienen en común la intención de una puesta al día del proceso de subjetivación de la niñez con atención y reconocimiento a los elementos de la comunicación cinematográfica, especialmente al llamado “adult gaze”. Me refiero en este caso a producciones adultas sobre un sujeto presentado como un recipiente vacío (el niño), capaz de ser llenado con elementos simbólicos que contribuyan a relaciones alegóricas infante-Estados nacionales.

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Making Literary Connections

Writing and the Revolution ◽

10.3828/liverpool/9781786942197.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 105-126

Author(s):

Katie Brown

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

William Faulkner ◽

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Mario Vargas Llosa ◽

Limited Access ◽

Political Beliefs ◽

Venezuelan Literature

Chapter 4 suggests that, by linking their own writing to that of an author they admire through quotation, allusion or reference, Méndez Guédez, Chirinos and Zupcic both counter Venezuela’s literary isolation and explore issues of particular importance to them. Through playful references to other writers, Chulapos Mambo (Méndez Guédez, 2011) draws attention to the limited access to international literary developments in Venezuela. In addition, real Latin American writers appear throughout the story, most notably Mario Vargas Llosa and Alfredo Bryce Echinique, two writers who, like Méndez Guédez, have been judged negatively for their political beliefs. In El niño malo… (Chirinos, 2004), as well as integrating fragments of Eugenio Montejo’s poems into the narrative, Chirinos makes the poet one of the main characters of his story. This allows Chirinos to both pay homage to Montejo and to contemplate his own experience of being Venezuelan abroad. In Círculo croata (2006), Zupcic honours Salvador Prasel, a Croatian emigrant who became a writer in Venezuela, while also linking Prasel to William Faulkner, allowing Zupcic to allude to Faulkner’s appreciation for Venezuelan literature.

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