scholarly journals STEREO GRAPHIC PROJECTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 867-875
Author(s):  
Anjali jangra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Geology ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Stereographic Projection ◽  
Small Scale

In this paper, we introduce stereographic projection and its applications. In today’s time, this is one of the most widely used stereo projections. This projection is used in polar areas and also used in small-scale maps. This is a very useful tool to solving the orientation problems in structural geology, mathematics, and also in the studying of crystal structures and helpful to deduce how those structures relate to planes with crystal.

scholarly journals Continuous mutual improvement of macromolecular structure models in the PDB and of X-ray crystallographic software: the dual role of deposited experimental data

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2533-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Terwilliger ◽  
Gerard Bricogne
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Very High

Accurate crystal structures of macromolecules are of high importance in the biological and biomedical fields. Models of crystal structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) are in general of very high quality as deposited. However, methods for obtaining the best model of a macromolecular structure from a given set of experimental X-ray data continue to progress at a rapid pace, making it possible to improve most PDB entries after their deposition by re-analyzing the original deposited data with more recent software. This possibility represents a very significant departure from the situation that prevailed when the PDB was created, when it was envisioned as a cumulative repository of static contents. A radical paradigm shift for the PDB is therefore proposed, away from the static archive model towards a much more dynamic body of continuously improving results in symbiosis with continuously improving methods and software. These simultaneous improvements in methods and final results are made possible by the current deposition of processed crystallographic data (structure-factor amplitudes) and will be supported further by the deposition of raw data (diffraction images). It is argued that it is both desirable and feasible to carry out small-scale and large-scale efforts to make this paradigm shift a reality. Small-scale efforts would focus on optimizing structures that are of interest to specific investigators. Large-scale efforts would undertake a systematic re-optimization of all of the structures in the PDB, or alternatively the redetermination of groups of structures that are either related to or focused on specific questions. All of the resulting structures should be made generally available, along with the precursor entries, with various views of the structures being made available depending on the types of questions that users are interested in answering.

scholarly journals Diagrama tangente: útil recurso do programa Ester 2.1 para projeção estereográfica em Geologia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Celso Dal Ré Carneiro ◽  
Giovanni Amaral Guimarães ◽  
João Paulo da Ponte Souza ◽  
Gisele Francelino Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Geology ◽  
Stereographic Projection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Educational Alternatives ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Conical Folds ◽  
Cylindrical Folds

Studies and applied works of structural analysis depend on specialized softwares and resources for 3D modeling. This article presents the results of a research that aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of version 2.1 of the Ester stereographic projection system for Structural Geology. The evaluation of the software involved tests with structural data of different geological contexts, submitted to graphic treatment in packages such as Stereonet, Stereonet9, QuickPlot, Dips, OpenStereo and other softwares accessible at low cost. The study privileged the truly free (open) softwares. One advance was the inclusion of the Tangent Polar Diagram into the Ester package. The tool helps to differentiate, in folded regions, conical folds from cylindrical folds. In the comparative evaluation, it was observed that diagrams produced by Ester 2.1 are similar to those generated by other programs. The advantage relates to resources that are not available in the other softwares analyzed. It is concluded that, in addition to resources heretofore unavailable, the tests showed good functionality. The experience signals new directions in the search for educational alternatives for teaching-learning in Structural Geology. 

The Use of Stereographic Projection in Structural Geology

1960 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
J. V. Harrison ◽  
F. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Structural Geology ◽  
Stereographic Projection
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