Conclusion

Raising the White Flag ◽

10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649726.003.0012 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 295-298

Author(s):

David Silkenat

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Death Toll

The conclusion explores the broader significance of surrenders during the Civil War. It argues that if surrender had not been so common during the Civil War, the death toll would have been much higher. It examines the experience of Thomas Benton Alexander, who surrendered three times during the Civil War.

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Introduction

A Holy Baptism of Fire and Blood ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190902797.003.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

James P. Byrd

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

American Civil War ◽

Death Toll ◽

The Bible ◽

Biblical Texts

The Bible saturated the Civil War, and this book offers the most thorough analysis yet of how Americans enlisted scripture to fight the war. This introduction describes the major themes examined in the book, including Abraham Lincoln’s use of scripture (and Americans’ use of scripture to praise and to attack Lincoln), slavery and the Bible, patriotic views of scripture, and the Bible’s use to cope with the war’s death toll. The book concludes with an appendix on new data on the most-cited biblical texts in the war, ranked in three tables, labeled “The Confederate Bible,” “The Union Bible,” and “Biblical Citations in the American Civil War: Union and Confederacy.” Americans fought the Civil War with Bibles in hand, with both sides calling the war just and sacred. Supported by this groundbreaking new data, this book examines how Americans enlisted the Bible in the nation’s most bloody and, arguably, most biblically saturated war.

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Anatomy of a Regional Civil War: Guangxi, China, 1967–1968

Social Science History ◽

10.1017/ssh.2021.42 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Andrew G. Walder

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Cultural Revolution ◽

Collective Behavior ◽

Early Years ◽

Death Toll ◽

Large Numbers ◽

High Death ◽

Extreme Violence

Abstract During the violent early years of China’s Cultural Revolution, the province of Guangxi experienced by far the largest death toll of any comparable region. One explanation for the extreme violence emphasizes a process of collective killings focused on households in rural communities that were long categorized as class enemies by the regime. From this perspective, the high death tolls were generated by a form of collective behavior reminiscent of genocidal intergroup violence in Bosnia, Rwanda, and similar settings. Evidence from investigations conducted in China in the 1980s reveals the extent to which the killings were part of a province-wide suppression of rebel insurgents, carried out by village militia, who also targeted large numbers of noncombatants. Guangxi’s death tolls were the product of a counterinsurgency campaign that more closely resembled the massacres of communists and suspected sympathizers coordinated by Indonesia’s army in wake of the coup that deposed Sukarno in 1965.

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REVIEW: Anzac rivalries undermine Bougainville peacekeeping

Pacific Journalism Review – Te Koakoa ◽

10.24135/pjr.v8i1.745 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 182-185

Author(s):

Michael Field

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Death Toll ◽

National University ◽

The Impact ◽

Papua New Guinean

Review of Without a Gun: Australians' Experience Monitoring Peace in Bougainville, 1997-2001, edited by Monica Wehner and Donald Denoon. Pandanus books, Australian National University. Without a Gun tells of the peace-keeping operations in the Papua New Guinean province of Bougainville, scene of a bitter civil war between 1988-1997. Some estimates out the death toll at between 15,000 and 20,00 and while the book, published by the Australian National Unversity (ANU), tends to downplay the size, it says the impact of the conflict was incalculable.

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