Antiparasitic Activity of Single Solanum ferox Extract and Concoction with Zingiber zerumbet and Boesenbergia pandurata Extracts to Control Argulus sp. on Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio)

Argulus is an ectoparasite that frequently infects goldfish, with severe effects and a high death rate. The use of plant extracts has been widely reported to have antiparasitic activities, including one of the solasodine compounds in sour eggplant extracts. This research evaluated the antiparasitic activities of Compositions A (Solanum ferox and Zingiber zerumbet extract at 400 and 200 ppm, respectively), B (SFE and Boesenbergia pandurata at 900 ppm), and C (single Solanum ferox at 400 ppm). The research stages comprised 1) isolation and analysis of solasodine content in sour eggplant extracts and its extract composition, 2) in vitro antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. at doses of 50 and 100 ppm with a testing time of 60–240 minutes, and 3) in vivo antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. on goldfish at a dose of 100 ppm and observation for 2–12 hours of medication. The results showed that sour eggplant extracts had a solasodine concentration of 7.151 mg/L, whereas the derivative compositions A, B, and C were 656, 485, and 295 ppm, respectively. The in vitro testing demonstrated that composition A was effective for killing approximately 80–100% of Argulus, whereas compositions B and C killed 80–90% and 60–70%, respectively. Viewed from the effectiveness for killing parasites, the result was excellent (above 50%). The in vivo medication test was continued using three extract compositions at a dose of 100 ppm. Compositions A, B, and C were found to be capable of releasing 81.33, 75.67, and 71.00 arguli, respectively, per fish. We concluded that the single SFE extract and a concoction with BPE and ZZE had reasonable antiparasitic activity, whereas the concoction of SFE and ZZE killed more Argulus parasites at a higher rate.

Socio-geographic analysis of the demographic situation in Vinnytsia Oblast: current condition and peculiarities of development

The article contains analysis of the current demographic situation in Vinnytsia Oblast. We determined causes and factors influencing the development of the demographic situation in Vinnytsia Oblast. The paper reveals the specifics of development of the demographic processes in Vinnytsia Oblast according to the data of the Main Statistic Service in Vinnytsia Oblast for the period from 1959 to January 1, 2020. We determined how the totals of the urban and rural populations have changed. Based on the analysis of statistical and literature sources, we researched the specifics of natural movement of population, its sex and age structure, migration, distribution of the employed population and unemployment rate. We provide characteristics of specifics of the territorial differentiation of parameters of birth, death rates, natural increment (decline), migration, sex and age structure in Vinnytsia Oblast. We analyzed the specifics of employment of population in Vinnytsia Oblast, levels of economic activity and unemployment. We etermined modern tendencies of natural movement of the population, its impact on the prospects of further changes. We found out the problems of current demographic development in Vinnytsia Oblast based on determining modern specifics of the demographic parameters of the population in the researched area. The paper suggests ways to improve the demographic situation in Vinnytsia Oblast in the immediate future. As a result of the research, the demographic situation in Vinnytsia oblast was found to be negative. We observed a number of negative tendencies and patterns, including decrease in the rural population; decrease in the birth rate in the period from 1995 to 2020; high death rates due to diseases of blood circulation and malignant tumors; high parameters of aging of the population, especially in rural areas; decrease in the number of the employable population in the Oblast, etc.

Atezolizumab alone or in combination did not demonstrate a favorable risk-benefit profile in myelodysplastic syndrome

We present here primary results from the phase Ib GO29754 study (NCT02508870) evaluating the safety and tolerability of atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, alone and in combination with azacitidine, a hypomethylating agent (HMA), in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) or HMA-naïve myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). R/R MDS patients received atezolizumab for 12 months (Cohort A), or atezolizumab plus azacitidine for six cycles followed by atezolizumab as maintenance for eight cycles (Cohort B). HMA-naïve MDS patients received atezolizumab plus azacitidine until loss of clinical benefit (Cohort C). Safety, activity, and exploratory endpoints were investigated. Forty-six patients were enrolled and received treatment (11 in Cohort A, 14 in Cohort B, 21 in Cohort C). All patients experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE) on study, and all patients discontinued atezolizumab. In Cohort A, seven patients (63.6%) died, and no patients responded. In Cohort B, eight patients (57.1%) discontinued azacitidine, 11 patients (78.6%) died, and two patients (14.3%) responded. In Cohort C, all 21 patients discontinued azacitidine, 13 patients died (61.9%), and 13 patients (61.9%) responded. The study was terminated by the sponsor prior to completing recruitment due to the unexpected high early death rate in Cohort C (6/13 deaths [46.2%] were due to AEs and occurred within the first four treatment cycles.). The high death rate and poor efficacy observed in this study do not support a favorable risk-benefit profile for atezolizumab as a single agent or in combination with azacitidine in R/R or HMA-naïve MDS.

Perceived Effect of COVID-19 on the Health of Charcoal Producers in the Guinea Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria

Charcoal producers ignored the health implications of the activity especially during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in several health disorders. Thus, the study examined perceived effect of COVID-19 on the health of charcoal producers in the derived savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Data were collected through the use of structured interview scheduled. A total of 178 respondents were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were analysed through the use of frequency, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics: chi-square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study reveals that most of the respondents strongly agreed that they usually use local herbs to treat all ailments during COVID-19. More than 50% of them always experienced difficult breathing during COVID-19, and that high death were recorded than before COVID-19 pandemic, while 88.2% of the respondents perceived low level of the effect of COVID-19 on their health. In addition, more than 50% of them strongly agreed that COVID-19 does not exist at all, that it is a taboo, while shaking hands with customers/friends is a symbol of love and that they cannot do without touching both face and nose during COVID-19 pandemic respectively. However, 93.3% of the respondents did not comply with the COVID-19 preventive measures. The study concludes that charcoal producers did not believe in the existence of COVID-19 and this may be dangerous to their health. Hence, education awareness on the hazard of COVID-19 to the health of charcoal producers should be encouraged.

Anatomy of a Regional Civil War: Guangxi, China, 1967–1968

During the violent early years of China’s Cultural Revolution, the province of Guangxi experienced by far the largest death toll of any comparable region. One explanation for the extreme violence emphasizes a process of collective killings focused on households in rural communities that were long categorized as class enemies by the regime. From this perspective, the high death tolls were generated by a form of collective behavior reminiscent of genocidal intergroup violence in Bosnia, Rwanda, and similar settings. Evidence from investigations conducted in China in the 1980s reveals the extent to which the killings were part of a province-wide suppression of rebel insurgents, carried out by village militia, who also targeted large numbers of noncombatants. Guangxi’s death tolls were the product of a counterinsurgency campaign that more closely resembled the massacres of communists and suspected sympathizers coordinated by Indonesia’s army in wake of the coup that deposed Sukarno in 1965.

The Virulence of Grief in the Pandemic: Bereavement Overload During COVID

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about bereavement overload as a risk factor for complicated grief. Bereavement overload (BO) describes individuals’ reactions to losses transpiring in a quick succession, without the time and opportunity for coping [9]. It can occur during catastrophic events and impact everyone experiencing the loss. With the high death toll from COVID-19, many people have lost multiple loved ones followed by an abbreviated grieving process due to the nature of the pandemic. This can have psychosocial impact on survivors for years. One of the evolving roles of Palliative Care within and after the pandemic should be to recognize those suffering from BO. Obtaining loss histories may identify those at risk of pathologic grief to provide preventive bereavement care. We present three cases encountered in our health system during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst a family member, a patient, and a healthcare provider. In each case the Palliative Care Team worked closely with these individuals to identify COVID-associated BO and helped them reconcile their unresolved grief to be able to move forward. These cases reflect only a fraction of those who experienced loss during the pandemic, but they illustrate how grief can be complicated by the pandemic for everyone involved. Palliative Care will have a crucial role moving forward, in treating the pandemic of complicated grief within the pandemic to adapt to the needs of all survivors, as we realize the effects of COVID will last long after its virulence has waned.

Faktor Risiko Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Kanker Payudara Wanita

Introduction: Breast cancer or breast maligna is one of the second high death causes after heart coronary and tend to increase. Purpose of this study is to understand the risk factors of breast cancer in Dr.Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Balikpapan hospital. Methods: This study is quantitaive, analytic study with case control design and used Chi-Square, this study used 48 samples women with breast cancer (1:1) with purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis using chi-Square test, with OR (Odd Ratio or chance) using 95%confidence level. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between obesity (OR 11.7; p<0.001), hormonal family planning (OR=4.1; p=0.019), history of breastfeeding (OR=0.3; p=0.035) and family history (OR=4.5; p=0.017) with the incidence of breast cancer. Conclusion: obesity is the dominant risk factor where obese women are 11.7 times at risk of breast cancer.

Preparation and Evaluation of Conductive Polymeric Composite from Metals Alloys and Graphene to Be Future Flexible Antenna Device

Every year hundreds of serious accidents and catastrophic are accompanied by mining sector services as disaster, flooding, and demolition. To reduce the severity of the results such as high death numbers, lost communication inner and out mining, we have to find an easy way to improve communication means during that problems. In this paper, we reach out to fabricate durable, flexible, and wearable chaps, in addition to an easier carrier with highly efficient receiving and sending a signal at 2.4 GHz broad wide band. By doping a bunch of unique conductive metals (silver, copper, and gallium indium alloy) assembled on Graphene, its integration inside Polydimethylsiloxane to be future applicable antenna. Furthermore, we studied the physical and electric properties of a composite including Electrochemical Impedance properties (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and its thermal stability chip (DSC), as well as, using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques to clarify the surface morphology of fabricated materials. In addition to various measurements had been carried out such as Ultraviolet-visible, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to reinforce and elucidate the solid-state of ions inside fabricated Antenna. On the other hand, throughout stress-strain for the stretchability of fabricated is expanded to 30% of its original length, in addition to thermal stability reached to 485°C compared to pure PDMS substrate, with enhancing electric conductivity of composite ship.

State Adoption of Nursing Home Immunity From Legal Liability During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Twenty-eight states have provided nursing homes (NHs) with immunity from legal liability related to COVID-19. This study places these provisions in the context of prior actions protecting NHs from legal action and explores factors influencing the adoption of such immunity provisions across states. It uses cross-sectional data to examine patterns of policy adoption and to assess states’ likelihood of adopting immunity provisions using multivariate methods. Variables of interest include information on state political, socioeconomic, programmatic, and COVID-19-related characteristics as well as data on campaign contributions and lobbying activity at the state level. Factors significantly related to NH immunity provision adoption included measures of state fiscal health (unemployment), ideology (percent legislators Democrat), governing capacity (unified government), and NH characteristics (percent not-for-profit, hospital-based, and chain). Population density and Medicaid as a percentage of state general fund expenditures proved significant as well. Against these complex influences, organizations lobbying on behalf of NH residents and their families have found themselves ineffectual in creating avenues for accountability. Results indicate that enforcing accountability for NH deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex process, constrained by available policy tools and made more complicated by factors external to the NH environment that contributed to high death rates. Historically, the NH industry has been successful in avoiding consequences for poor quality care, a pattern that has persisted in that NHs have generally been successful in avoiding liability for negligence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

High Death Anxiety and Ambiguous Loss: Lessons Learned From Teaching Through the COVID-19 Pandemic

For gerontological educators, topics such as mortality, loss, and end-of-life issues often emerge or are central in their courses. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has raised our awareness of loss and death on a global scale and teaching during the pandemic has raised questions about how educators, communities, or systems of higher education can support students’ learning while simultaneously experiencing losses during intense times of uncertainty. In this mixed-method study of 246 students enrolled in undergraduate thanatology courses, we explored their levels of death anxiety and their experiences with pandemic-related losses. We found that students’ death anxiety increased significantly during the pandemic, in comparison to the years prior (p &lt; .001). We also conducted a content analysis in a subset of students’ written narratives (n = 44) regarding their pandemic experiences. We identified three themes. Participants desired: (a) more flexibility from instructors, no questions asked; (b) more compassion and understanding; and (c) specific, targeted support resources. The voices of students were filtered through the authors’ interpretation as educators to provide several teaching recommendations that support student learning during challenging times. The recommendations align with a trauma-informed approach, given the high rates of death anxiety and ambiguous loss among students, and have immediate implications for educators teaching during the pandemic, and for years to come. Finally, we also advocate for more university and community-based thanatology, and gerontology education offerings in general, to help normalize conversations about death, loss, and bereavement.