Kaidah Penafsiran Puisi Perjanjian Lama

Allah yang begitu kreatif tidak hanya memakai beragam jenis orang untuk menuliskan wahyu-Nya, tetapi juga memakai bermacam jenis sastra (genre) yang dikenal dalam peradaban manusia. Itu sebabnya, metode dalam mempelajari dan menganalisa sebuah teks bisa berbeda satu sama lain, tergantung jenis sastranya. Belakangan, hasil-hasil penelitian biblika telah melirik jenis sastra sebagai pertimbangan utama dalam menggali dan menemukan makna. Hal senada juga seyogyanya dianut oleh para peneliti biblika di negeri ini. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana menganalisis teks alkitabiah dalam genre puisi Perjanjian Lama. Sebab, tidak jarang pelajar Alkitab menggali buku puisi dengan prosedur yang tidak semestinya. Cara penggalian kitab puisi tidak sama dengan cara penggalian kitab narasi, epistolari, dan genre lainnya. Oleh karena itu penulis mencoba menyajikan suatu cara untuk menganalisis kitab-kitab puisi Perjanjian Lama, guna membekali pembaca dengan prosedur yang tepat dalam menggali teks-teks puisi Perjanjian Lama. Metode yang dipakai dalam artikel ini ialah studi literatur, di mana data-data dalam artikel ini diperoleh dari beragam sumber dengan topik terkait.God who is so creative not only used various types of people to write His revelations but also used various types of literature (genre) known in human civilization. That is why, the methods of studying and analyzing a text may differ from one another, depending on the type of literature. Recently, the results of biblical research have looked at the type of literature as the main consideration in finding the meaning. The same thing should also be adopted by biblical researchers in this country. This article aims to explain how to analyze biblical texts in the genre of Old Testament poetry. Because it is not uncommon for students to find poetry book Bibles with improper procedures. Writing poetry is not the same as telling stories about narrative, epistolary, and other genres. Therefore, the writer tries to present a way to analyze the Old Testament poetry books, in order to equip the readers with the right procedure in capturing the Old Testament poetry texts. The method used in this article is to find a literature study, where the data in this article were obtained from various sources with related topics.

Konstruksi Teologi Bagi Gereja dan Israel Dalam Roma 11:25-27

Romans 11:25-27 is part of the New Testament which is quite difficult to interpret. Many debates have arisen from biblical scholars in interpreting this passage. Theological pre-assumptions can divert the interpretation of the text. The systematic theological approach can lead the interpreter's understanding not intended by the author of the book. Biblical theology must be produced through an interpretive process that pays attention to the elements of biblical texts. In interpreting Romans 11:25-27, an interpreter needs to pay attention to textual, contextual, intertextual and theological elements. Thus Romans 11:25-27 is not interpreted in the lens of systematic theology (soteriology, ecclesiology and eschatology), but pays attention to the text and the final format of the book. Thus, there is no need to continue the debate on predestination and the nature of the church in relation to Israel in both a pastoral and academic context. Understanding Romans 11:25-27 makes believers active in preaching the gospel to implement God's great plan for the church and Israel. Ultimately, God is glorified by the two communities that God has chosen.

Makna Teologi Istirahat Dan Perkembanganya Dalam Kitab-Kitab Kanonik

Theology of Rest emerged when scholars became interested in research on the sabbath. This is because the understanding of Jews, Christians and some Christian factions have different views on the meaning of the Sabbath. Although the debate over the legality of the Sabbath has reached a point where it depends on the meaning believed by each of these groups, it is necessary to conduct research on the basic meaning of the Sabbath and its development in canonical books. Thus, the theology of rest is built not only on a cultural basis, but on the revelation of God's Word. Topical analysis and intertextual texts will shed light on the basic meaning and development of the idea of the Sabbath in building a theology of rest. Finally, a theological formulation of the rest (sabbath) is based on careful analysis of biblical texts.

Contribution and Reduction of Narrative Theology to Biblical Hermeneutics in the Postmodern Era

This research examines narrative theology, which began to develop in the 1970s in the United States, and is now widely practiced in theological discourses, including in Indonesia. This theology, sometimes called postliberal theology, uses the postmodern interpretation paradigm, which seeks the meaning “in front of” the text (readers-oriented). The intended readers are the community, who have the same language, culture, and traditions. It turns out that narrative theology, which initially served as a theological reflection on Christianity’s claims to the biblical texts, has shifted into a hermeneutical lens in reading the biblical texts. Using analytical studies of library research and systematic review, the author discusses the contours of narrative theology starting from the thoughts of its pioneers (such as Hans W. Frei, George A. Lindbeck, Stanley Hauerwas, and Sally McFague), describing its characteristics, and evaluating them. The analysis results are presented in two points. The first is an appreciation of the contributions of narrative theology, i.e., simple-practical, confessional-dogmatic, relational, and inductive. The second is an evaluation of some reductive aspects of narrative theology, i.e., postmodern hermeneutics; a disregard of historicity and genre diversity; traditional-dogmatic fideism; sectarianism; and pragmatism.

Five Centuries of Bible Translations into Kashubian

This paper discusses translations of biblical passages into Kashubian, which originated in the Lutheran circles between the 16th and the 19th centuries, followed by translations made in the Catholic circles in the 20th and the 21st centuries. The history of these translations has been divided into two periods: “old translations” and “contemporary translations.” The former comprise various bibli[1]cal texts preserved in manuscripts and printed monuments, which came into being between 1586 and the second half of the 19th century. The fundamental texts of this period include the works by Szymon Krofey (1586), Michał Pontanus (1643), and Perykopy smołdzińskie (1699–1701). The old translations were done from German in the Protestant circles in West Pomerania. In turn, the “contemporary trans[1]lations” of biblical texts into Kashubian embrace translations from the second half of the 20th century, which were produced in the Catholic environment of Gdańsk Pomerania: from Latin (Mk 4:3-20) by Alojzy Nagel (1973), from Latin (four Gospels) by Rev. Franciszek Grucza (1992), from Polish (the New Testament and the Psalms) by Eugeniusz Gołąbek (1993–2007) and my own translations from Hebrew and Greek (the Four Gospels, the Pentateuch, Ecclesiastes) prepared in 2001–2020.

Contextual Bible reading and intercultural Bible reading: Four Colombian experiences

Contextual Bible Reading (CBR) and Intercultural Bible Reading (IBR) have enabled the cooperation between socially engaged scholars and marginalised groups to find new resources in biblical texts to interpret their contexts and fight against the surrounding violence. As the use of these two methods has not been the object of a comparative study based on concrete experiences, this article presents them through four cases of Christian communities in Colombia. This comparative study not only illustrates the differences between these two methods of Bible reading, but also shows how they open new hermeneutic and liberation perspectives in the struggle for social justice and the search for reconciliation. The article depicts the CBR of the story of the Levite’s concubine (Jdg 19:1–30) by a group of women living in vulnerable conditions as well as the CBR of the parable of the father and his two sons (Lk 15:11–32) by a group of violence victims’ relatives. It also depicts the IBR of the story of the widow and the judge (Lk 18:1–8) by four groups of Caribbean readers as well as the IBR of the garden story (Gn 2:4b–25) by two Andean indigenous groups. Ordinary readers’ central role as interpreters of biblical texts let them recognise their own capabilities to transform their contexts in an emancipatory way and challenge biblical scholars and theologians. Even though CBR and IBR pursue different hermeneutical goals, they converge in giving a central role to the community as the subject of counter-hegemonic interpretations that open new horizons starting from reality and triggering liberation processes.Contribution: Beyond their differences and tensions, CBR and IBR are inclusive and dialogical methods intended for liberation that should be used to transcend the limits of dominant interpretations of biblical texts as well as the isolation of marginalised ordinary readers.

Kroppen som konfliktzon

The Biblical heritage: The body as a conflict zone In the article we discuss the ambiguous view of the body in Christian tradition, focusing on the biblical texts and St. Augustine’s Confessions. We suggest that there is a tension in the view of humans in these texts, which by time evolves into a two- or three-part division of man into spirit, soul, and body. As a result, the body or ‘flesh’ has often been regarded as a constraint or burden that prevents people from living the life they were meant to live. We argue, however, that the view of the body in the Bible and in Christian tradition is not unequivocal. The body can appear as a place for temptation and suffering, but it is also God’s creation, the place where the earthly and the divine meet. This results in a fragile and unstable position for the body, which also applies to the two other bodies we discuss in the article: the biblical texts and the Christian church. We also suggest that the conflict depicted in the texts is not primarily between the spiritual and the material. The conflict is rather ethical, social, and eschatological. People are thus supposed to respond to God’s acts by forming a new way of living their life in the body.

Reading for Resonance

This article offers a hermeneutic approach attentive to the tangled idiomatic and literary interconnections among biblical texts and other Second Temple literature. It focuses on the expressions of divine presence in the Temple Scroll and their prepositions; the divine presence is ‘upon’ the temple and ‘in the midst’ of the people. This prepositional rhetoric engages recurrences and interconnections within and beyond the Hebrew Bible. It thus evokes multiple interlocking resonances and offers a window onto concepts of temple presence across biblical texts and traditions.

Salvation and Victory by Christ’s Death and Resurrection in the Ancient Church

The theme of this article arises from Reformed theology, namely, how did authoritative Christian authors of the second to the fifth centuries AD think about salvation by Christ’s substitutionary and atoning death? How do their views relate to the ‘Christus Victor’ theology that is sometimes propagated nowadays as a more biblical alternative to the traditional Reformed soteriology, and which is considered the dominant approach in the ancient church? Can traces of Christ giving ‘satisfaction’ for God’s offended honor or for his wrath against sin be found in the first centuries? Did any church fathers hold that Christ vicariously bore God’s punishment for the sins of humankind? What was meant by the ransom that Christ had to pay, and to whom did he pay it: to God or to the devil, or were these considered invidious alternatives? This article demonstrates that in their interpretations of biblical texts, the church fathers did indeed address most of these questions. However, a continuous debate on such questions remained, so that the church of those centuries did not create a standard doctrine about the rationale of salvation by Christ, which testifies to varied understandings of it.