scholarly journals Simulation and Evaluation of Solar Water Heating Systems availability in Mosques Sector in the City of Tripoli- Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H Tawil ◽  
Mukhtar BenAbeid ◽  
Said Belhaj ◽  
Belgasim Sowid
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
The City

Mosques are classified as one of the most attractive places for the Libyan people during prayer times, where ?electrical power is consumed extensively and converted into many energy types. Hot water is required for ablution during ?the cold season, which occupies 5 months per year, approximately, where electrical power is utilized to provide hot water ?demand. In this paper, the possibility of install solar water heaters in ten mosques in the city of Tripoli is studied, as the ?agreement between the General Authority of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs and CSERS states. Therefore, a detailed study is performed for site ?shading probability during the year using Climate Consultant 6.0 software, and Sketchup Make 2017. Furthermore, the solar ?water heating system is designed by (T*SOL Pro 5.5) design and simulation software. The resultant has illustrated that the employing ?of thermosyphon systems could? ?fail to fulfil water heating load in the studied mosques, due to the presence of the surrounding ?buildings shade among winter and the high water heating load of such crowded mosques. However, it is suggested to use central pumped ?solar water heating systems (forced circulation), which is able to provide high capacities with low electrical consumption. Moreover, the ?pumped systems are compatible with the conventional fuel powered systems.?

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of Forced Circulation of Solar Water Heating Systems in TRNSYS

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 2477-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J.R. Abdunnabi ◽  
K.M.A. Alakder ◽  
N.A. Alkishriwi ◽  
S.M. Abughres
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water

A Review of Polymer Materials for Solar Water Heating Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu Raman ◽  
Susan Mantell ◽  
Jane Davidson ◽  
Chunhui Wu ◽  
Gary Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water

This paper summarizes current research aimed at using polymer materials for glazing and heat exchanger components in solar water heating systems. Functional requirements, relevant polymer properties and an approach for selecting polymers are described for each of these components. Glazing must have high transmittance across the solar spectrum and withstand long term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Candidate glazing materials were tested outdoors for one year in Golden, Phoenix and Miami, as well as exposed for over 300 days in an accelerated testing facility at a concentration ratio of two at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Measurements of hemispherical transmittance indicate that a 3.35 mm polycarbonate sheet with a thin film acrylic UV screen provides good transmittance without excessive degradation. The primary challenge to designing a polymer heat exchanger is selecting a polymer that is compatible with potable water and capable of withstanding the high pressure and temperature requirements of domestic hot water systems. Polymers certified for hot water applications by the National Sanitation Foundation or currently used in heat exchangers and exhibit good high temperature characteristics were compared on the basis of a merit value (thermal conductance per unit area per dollar) and manufacturer’s recommendations. High temperature nylon (HTN), polypropylene (PP) and cross linked polypropylene (PEX) are recommended for tube components. For structural components (i.e. headers), glass reinforced high temperature nylon (HTN), polyphthalamide (PPA), polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) and polypropylene (PP) are recommended. [S0199-6231(00)00902-3]

Field Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fanney ◽  
B. P. Dougherty ◽  
K. P. Kramp
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Energy consumed for water heating accounts for approximately 17.9 EJ of the energy consumed by residential and commercial buildings. Although there are over 90 million water heaters currently in use within the United States (Zogg and Barbour, 1996), durability and installation issues as well as initial cost have limited the sales of solar water heaters to less than 1 million units. Durability issues have included freeze and fluid leakage problems, failure of pumps and their associated controllers, the loss of heat transfer fluids under stagnation conditions, and heat exchanger fouling. The installation of solar water heating systems has often proved difficult, requiring roof penetrations for the piping that transports fluid to and from the solar collectors. Fanney and Dougherty have recently proposed and patented a solar water heating system that eliminates the durability and installation problems associated with current solar water heating systems. The system employs photovoltaic modules to generate electrical energy which is dissipated in multiple electric heating elements. A microprocessor controller is used to match the electrical resistance of the load to the operating characteristics of the photovoltaic modules. Although currently more expensive than existing solar hot water systems, photovoltaic solar water heaters offer the promise of being less expensive than solar thermal systems within the next decade. To date, photovoltaic solar water heating systems have been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD and the Florida Solar Energy Center in Cocoa, FL. This paper will review the technology employed, describe the two photovoltaic solar water heating systems, and present measured performance data.

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