scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Polar Organic Matters in Off-road Engine Emissions Using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): New Direction to Find Biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cui ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Yingjun Chen ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract. The molecular composition and structure of polar organic matters (POM) in particles emitted from various vessels and excavators were characterized using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). POM was extracted by purified water and was discussed by elemental composition which was divided into three groups, namely CHO, CHON and S-containing compounds (CHONS and CHOS). The results showed that: (i) CHO (accounting for 49 % of total POM relative peak response) was the most abundant group for all tested off-road engines, followed by CHON (33 %) and CHOS (35 %) for diesel- and HFO (heavy fuel oil)-fueled off-road equipment, respectively. (ii) The abundance and structure of the CHON group in water extracts were different in terms of engine type and load. The fraction of relative peak response of CHON was highest for excavator emissions under the working mode compared to other modes (idling and moving). Furthermore, dinitrophenol and methyl dinitrophenol were the most abundant emission species for excavators with high rated speed, while nitronaphthol and methyl nitronaphthol were more important for low rated speed vessels. (iii) The composition and structure of S-containing compounds was directly influenced by fuel oil characteristics (sulfur content and aromatic ring), with much more condensed aromatic rings in S-containing compounds observed for HFO-fueled vessels, while more abundant aliphatic chains were observed in emissions from diesel equipment. Overall, higher fractions of condensed hydrocarbons and aromatic rings in POM emitted from vessels using HFO caused strong optical absorption capacity. And different structures existing in POM could provide a direction to qualitative and quantities the exact organic compounds as tracers to distinguish the emission from diesel or HFO- fueled off-road engines.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 13945-13956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cui ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Yingjun Chen ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract. The molecular compositions of polar organic compounds (POCs) in particles emitted from various vessels and excavators were characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and possible molecular structures of POCs were proposed. POCs were extracted with purified water and sorted by elemental composition into three groups: CHO, CHON, and S-containing compounds (CHONS and CHOS). The results show the following. (i) CHO (accounting for 49 % of total POCs in terms of peak response) was the most abundant group for all tested off-road engines, followed by CHON (33 %) and CHOS (35 %) for diesel and HFO (heavy-fuel-oil)-fueled off-road engines. (ii) The abundance and structure of the CHON group in water extracts were different in terms of engine type and load. The relative peak response of CHON was the highest for excavator emissions in working mode, compared to the idling and moving modes. Furthermore, dinitrophenol and methyl dinitrophenol were potentially the most abundant emission species for high-rated speed excavators, while nitronaphthol and methyl nitronaphthol were more important for low-rated speed vessels. (iii) The composition and structure of the S-containing compounds were directly influenced by fuel oil characteristics (sulfur content and aromatic ring), with more condensed aromatic rings in the S-containing compounds proposed in HFO-fueled vessel emissions. More abundant aliphatic chains were inferred in diesel equipment emissions. Overall, higher fractions of condensed hydrocarbons and aromatic rings in POCs emitted from vessels using HFO cause strong optical absorption capacity. Different structures in POCs could provide a direction for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds as tracers to distinguish these emissions from diesel or HFO-fueled off-road engines.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Effect of endogenous microbiota on the molecular composition of cloud water: a study by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Bianco ◽  
Laurent Deguillaume ◽  
Nadine Chaumerliac ◽  
Mickaël Vaïtilingom ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Cloud Water ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Correction Effect ◽  
Ion Cyclotron ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Characterization of the BP petroleum residuals in the sediment of the Salt Marshes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 299941
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Nabanita Bhattacharyya ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Aixin Hou ◽  
Ryan Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Of the estimated 5 million barrels of crude oil released into the Gulf of Mexico from the BP Deepwater Horizon event, a fraction heavily oiled Louisiana's coastal salt marshes. Oil inputs may significantly alter the abundance, structure and diversity of the microbial communities inhabited in the sediments, and subsequently affect essential microbial services. In this study, detailed analysis was conducted to investigate the possible impact of petroleum residuals on soil microbial communities of salt marsh in northern Barataria Bay of the Gulf of Mexico after the oil spill. Sediment samples from heavily, moderately, non-oiled sites were collected after 7 months, 16 months and 29 months of the spill and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) were measured. Since traditional gas chromatography (GC) analysis cannot identify heavy fractions of the oil containments, we incorporated ultrahigh resolving power Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) to address the compositional complexity of high molecular weight, nonvolatile petroleum fractions of the oil containments that are not readily degraded by the indigenous microbial community. The petrogentic material was extracted with methylene chloride followed by positive and negative electrospray (ESI) FT-ICR-MS characterization. These data can be correlated with the analysis of the diversity and structure of the microbial community to elucidate how the oil contamination perturbed the microbial community and how the microbes responded to the perturbation. Mass spectrometry analysis of these samples display a 1.5 to 2.5 fold increase in the molecular complexity, particularly oxygen compounds relative to the original Macondo well oil and ketone species were abundantly present in the oiled sediment extracts. The comprehensive analysis on the petroleum residues will help us better understand the fate of oil released into the environment and the long-term impact of BP oil spill.

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