scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Evidence for impacts on surface-level air quality in the Northeastern U.S. from long-distance transport of smoke from North American fires during LISTOS 2018"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley M. Rogers ◽  
Jenna C. Ditto ◽  
Drew R. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
North American ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Distance Transport

scholarly journals Evidence for impacts on surface-level air quality in the northeastern US from long-distance transport of smoke from North American fires during the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley M. Rogers ◽  
Jenna C. Ditto ◽  
Drew R. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

Abstract. Biomass burning is a large source of uncontrolled air pollutants, including particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5), black carbon (BC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO), which have significant effects on air quality, human health, and climate. Measurements of PM2.5, BC, and CO made at the Yale Coastal Field Station in Guilford, CT, and five other sites in the metropolitan New York City (NYC) area indicate long-distance transport of pollutants from wildfires and other biomass burning to surface-level sites in the region. Here, we examine two such events occurring on 16–17 and 27–29 August 2018. In addition to regionally consistent enhancements in the surface concentrations of gases and particulates associated with biomass burning, satellite imagery confirms the presence of smoke plumes in the NYC–Connecticut region during these events. Back-trajectory modeling indicates that air masses arriving at surface-level sites in coastal Connecticut on 16–17 August passed over the western coast of Canada, near multiple large wildfires. In contrast, air parcels arriving on 27–29 August passed over active fires in the southeastern United States. The results of this study demonstrate that biomass burning events throughout the US and Canada (at times more than 4000 km away), which are increasing in frequency, impact surface-level air quality beyond regional scales, including in NYC and the northeastern US.

scholarly journals Evidence for impacts on surface-level air quality in the Northeastern U.S. from long-distance transport of smoke from North American fires during LISTOS 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley M. Rogers ◽  
Jenna C. Ditto ◽  
Drew R. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Impact Surface ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

Abstract. Biomass burning is a large source of uncontrolled air pollutants, including particulate matter (i.e. PM2.5), black carbon (BC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO), which have significant effects on air quality, human health, and climate. Measurements of PM2.5, BC, and CO made at the Yale Coastal Field Station in Guilford, CT and five other sites in the metropolitan New York City (NYC) area indicate long-distance transport of pollutants from wildfires and other biomass burning to surface-level sites in the region. Here, we examine two such events occurring on August 16th–17th and 27th–29th, 2018. In addition to regionally-consistent enhancements in the surface concentrations of gases and particulates associated with biomass burning, satellite imagery confirms the presence of smoke plumes in the NYC-Connecticut region during these events. Backward-trajectory modeling indicates that air masses arriving in coastal Connecticut on August 16th–17th passed over the west coast of Canada, near multiple large wildfires. In contrast, air parcels arriving on August 27th–29th passed over active fires in the southeastern United States. The results of this study demonstrate that biomass burning events throughout the U.S. and Canada (more than 4000 km away), which are increasing in frequency, impact surface-level air quality beyond regional scales, including in NYC and the northeastern U.S.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Tomasz Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distance Transport

The subject of the article is a comparative long-distance transport analysis based on the relationship between central and eastern China and Poland. It provides an overview of issues related to long-haul China–Poland. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed in the multi-criteria analysis. This method was briefly discussed, and its choice was justified. Then, the criteria adopted in the analysis were presented, i.e., time, cost, maximum number of containers, and ecology index. Multi-criteria analysis was carried out for three cases: the transport of one loading unit, 82 loading units, and 200 loading units. The geopolitical and operational situation on the transport route for the analyzed modes of transport was discussed.

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