Supplementary material to "Faunal carbon flows in the abyssal plain food web of the Peru Basin have not recovered during 26 years from an experimental sediment disturbance"

Abstract. Future deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules in abyssal plains will negatively impact the benthic ecosystem, but it is largely unclear whether this ecosystem will be able to recover from mining disturbance and if so, to what extent and at what timescale. During the “DISturbance and reCOLonization” (DISCOL) experiment, a total of 22 % of the seafloor within a 10.8 km2 circular area of the nodule-rich seafloor in the Peru Basin (SE Pacific) was ploughed in 1989 to bury nodules and mix the surface sediment. This area was revisited 0.1, 0.5, 3, 7, and 26 years after the disturbance to assess macrofauna, invertebrate megafauna and fish density and diversity. We used this unique abyssal faunal time series to develop carbon-based food web models for each point in the time series using the linear inverse modeling approach for sediments subjected to two disturbance levels: (1) outside the plough tracks; not directly disturbed by plough, but probably suffered from additional sedimentation; and (2) inside the plough tracks. Total faunal carbon stock was always higher outside plough tracks compared with inside plough tracks. After 26 years, the carbon stock inside the plough tracks was 54 % of the carbon stock outside plough tracks. Deposit feeders were least affected by the disturbance, with modeled respiration, external predation, and excretion rates being reduced by only 2.6 % inside plough tracks compared with outside plough tracks after 26 years. In contrast, the respiration rate of filter and suspension feeders was 79.5 % lower in the plough tracks after 26 years. The “total system throughput” (T..), i.e., the total sum of modeled carbon flows in the food web, was higher throughout the time series outside plough tracks compared with the corresponding inside plough tracks area and was lowest inside plough tracks directly after the disturbance (8.63 × 10−3 ± 1.58 × 10−5 mmol C m−2 d−1). Even 26 years after the DISCOL disturbance, the discrepancy of T.. between outside and inside plough tracks was still 56 %. Hence, C cycling within the faunal compartments of an abyssal plain ecosystem remains reduced 26 years after physical disturbance, and a longer period is required for the system to recover from such a small-scale sediment disturbance experiment.

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Supplementary material to "Impact of dust addition on the microbial food web under present and future conditions of pH and temperature"

10.5194/bg-2021-143-supplement ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Dinasquet ◽

Estelle Bigeard ◽

Frédéric Gazeau ◽

Farooq Azam ◽

Cécile Guieu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Web ◽

Microbial Food Web ◽

Supplementary Material

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Nature of the Cuvier Abyssal Plain crust, offshore NW Australia

Journal of the Geological Society ◽

10.1144/jgs2020-172 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jgs2020-172

Author(s):

Matthew T. Reeve ◽

Craig Magee ◽

Ian D. Bastow ◽

Carl McDermott ◽

Christopher A.-L. Jackson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continental Crust ◽

Oceanic Crust ◽

Seismic Reflection ◽

Abyssal Plain ◽

Magnetic Data ◽

Borehole Data ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Nw Australia

Magnetic stripes have long been assumed to be indicative of oceanic crust. However, continental crust heavily intruded by magma can also record magnetic stripes. We re-evaluate the nature of the Cuvier Abyssal Plain (CAP), offshore NW Australia, which hosts magnetic stripes and has previously been defined as oceanic crust. We show that chemical data from a basalt within the CAP, previously described as an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt, could equally be interpreted to contain evidence of contamination by continental material. We also recognize seaward-dipping reflector sequences in seismic reflection data across the CAP. Borehole data from overlying sedimentary rocks suggests that these seaward-dipping reflectors were emplaced in a shallow water (<200 m depth) or subaerial environment. Our results indicate that the CAP may not be unambiguous oceanic crust, but may instead consist of a spectrum of heavily intruded continental crust through to fully oceanic crust. If the CAP represents such a continent–ocean transition zone, then the adjacent unambiguous oceanic crust would be located >500 km further offshore NW Australia than currently thought. This would impact plate tectonic reconstructions, as well as heat flow and basin modelling studies. Our work also supports the growing consensus that magnetic stripes cannot, by themselves, be used to determine crustal affinity.Supplementary material: Enlarged and uninterpreted versions of the magnetic data and seismic reflection lines are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5332172

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Supplementary material to "Transfer of diazotroph-derived nitrogen to the planktonic food web across gradients of N<sub>2</sub> fixation activity and diversity in the Western Tropical South Pacific"

10.5194/bg-2017-572-supplement ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mathieu Caffin ◽

Hugo Berthelot ◽

Véronique Cornet-Barthaux ◽

Sophie Bonnet

Keyword(s):

Food Web ◽

South Pacific ◽

Planktonic Food ◽

Fixation Activity ◽

Supplementary Material

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Faunal carbon flows in the abyssal plain food web of the Peru Basin have not recovered during 26 years from an experimental sediment disturbance

10.5194/bg-2018-167 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tanja Stratmann ◽

Lidia Lins ◽

Autun Purser ◽

Yann Marcon ◽

Clara F. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Web ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Abyssal Plain ◽

System Throughput ◽

Small Scale ◽

Total System ◽

Surface Deposit ◽

Deposit Feeders ◽

Polymetallic Nodules ◽

Linear Inverse Model

Abstract. Future deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules in abyssal plains will impact the benthic ecosystem, but it is largely unclear whether this ecosystem will be able to recover from mining disturbance and if so, at what time scale and to which extent. In 1989, during the "DISturbance and reCOLonization" (DISCOL) experiment, a total of 22 % of the surface within a 10.8 km2 large circular area of the nodule-rich seafloor in the Peru Basin (SE Pacific) was ploughed to bury nodules and mix the surface sediment. This area was revisited 0.1, 0.5, 3, 7, and 26 years after the disturbance to assess macrofauna, megafauna and fish density and diversity. We used this unique abyssal faunal time series to develop carbon-based food web models for disturbed (sediment inside the plough tracks) and undisturbed (sediment inside the experimental area, but outside the plough tracks) sites. We developed a linear inverse model (LIM) to resolve carbon flows between 7 different feeding types within macrofauna, megafauna and fish. The total faunal biomass was always higher at the undisturbed sites compared to the disturbed sites and 26 years post-disturbance the biomass at the disturbed sites was only 54 % of the biomass at undisturbed sites. Fish and sub-surface deposit feeders experienced a particularly large temporal variability in biomass and model-reconstructed respiration rates making it difficult to determine disturbance impacts. Deposit feeders were least affected by the disturbance, with respiration, external predation and excretion levels only reduced by 2.6 % in the sediments disturbed 26-years ago compared with undisturbed areas. In contrast, the respiration rate of filter and suspension feeders was still 79.5 % lower after 26 years when comparing the same sites. The "total system throughput" (T..), i.e. the total sum of carbon flows in the food web, was always higher at undisturbed sites compared to the corresponding disturbed sites and was lowest at disturbed sites directly after the disturbance (8.63 × 10−3 ± 1.58 × 10−5 mmol C m−2 d−1). Therefore, 26 years after the DISCOL disturbance, the throughput discrepancy between the undisturbed and the disturbed sediment was still 56 %. From these results we conclude that C cycling within the fauna compartments of an abyssal plain ecosystem remains reduced 26 years after physical disturbance, and that a longer period of time is required for the system to recover from such a simulated small scale deep-sea mining experimental disturbance.

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