The Nitrogen Dynamics of Multi-species Grasslands when Subject to Drought and Re-wetting.

It is predicted that climate change will result in more extreme and frequent weather events including flooding and drought. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas having 298 times the global warming potential of CO2. The &#8216;Birch effect&#8217;, the term given to high &#160;N2O fluxes following the drying and re-wetting of soils, is an accelerator of this process. Multi species grasslands have been shown have higher nitrogen use efficiency and potential for drought resilience and recovery. This experiment analysed the nitrogen dynamics of multi-species grasslands by means of quantifying the responses of soil mineral nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-) and N2O fluxes during an eight week simulated drought, re-wetting and fertiliser application two weeks after the re-wetting event. A simplex experimental design was used to determine species and functional group effects which could potentially influence responses. The hypothesis of this study was therefore that multi species grasslands would mitigate the &#8216;Birch effect&#8217; resulting in less erratic transformations of soil mineral nitrogen and lower N2O fluxes compared to monocultures. This study also predicted a lasting legacy effect of drought on soil systems resulting in prolonged heightened N2O fluxes. Drought resulted in a depletion of soil NO3-, increased &#160;levels of NH4+ and background level N2O emissions. Following re-wetting soil mineral N underwent transformations from NH4+ to NO3- indicating nitrification. Four times more N2O emissions were recorded during re-wetting period compared to fertilizer application. There was no lasting legacy effect of drought and re-wetting on N2O fluxes observed during fertilizer application two weeks after re-wetting bar T. repens which has implications for grassland management strategies.

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Soil mineral nitrogen dynamics under bare fallow and wheat in vertisols of semi-arid Mediterranean Morocco

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/s003740050500 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 321-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Corbeels ◽

G. Hofman ◽

O. Van Cleemput

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Dynamics ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Bare Fallow ◽

Semi Arid

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Effects of soil nitrogen status and rate of inoculation on the establishment of populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation of soybeans

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9890753 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 753

Author(s):

J Brockwell ◽

RR Gault ◽

LJ Morthorpe ◽

MB Peoples ◽

GL Turner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Status ◽

Mineral N ◽

Glycine Max L

Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merrill cv. Forrest) were grown under irrigation on a well-structured grey clay soil, previously free of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and containing relatively high levels of mineral N, at Trangie, N.S.W. There were two soil pretreatments, pre-cropped (which had the effect of reducing the level of mineral nitrogen in the soil) and pre-fallowed, and four rates of inoculation (B. japonicum CB 1809 - nil, 0.01 X, 1.OX [=normal] and 100X).Mineral nitrogen (0-10 cm) initially was higher in pre-fallowed soil than in pre-cropped soil (37.6 v. 18.5 mg N per kg). Depletion of mineral nitrogen occurred more rapidly in pre-fallowed treatments, so that, 7 days after harvest, mineral-N in pre-cropped soil was significantly higher than in pre-fallowed soil (14.4 v. 10.6 mg per kg).With high levels of soil mineral nitrogen, colonization of seedling rhizospheres by rhizobia and plant nodulation were diminished. These effects were ameliorated but not eliminated by increased rates of inoculation. The development of the symbiosis was also impeded by lower rates of inoculation (0.01 X, 1.OX).

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Effects of artificial drainage on soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in winter wheat on the southern piedmont

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1080/00103628409367542 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1051-1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P.M. Groffman ◽

J.E. Box ◽

R.L. Todd

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Dynamics ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Artificial Drainage

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Soil mineral nitrogen dynamics following repeated application of dairy slurry

European Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1111/ejss.12391 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 804-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Cavalli ◽

P. Marino Gallina ◽

D. Sacco ◽

L. Bechini

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Dynamics ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Repeated Application ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen

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Nitrogen availability in a Darling Downs soil following cereal, oilseed and grain legume crops. 1. Soil nitrogen accumulation

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9860347 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

WM Strong ◽

J Harbison ◽

RGH Nielsen ◽

BD Hall ◽

EK Best

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Soil Mineral N ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Mineral N

Available soil mineral nitrogen (N) was determined in a Darling Downs clay at intervals of 4-6 weeks throughout summer and autumn after harvest of two cereals (wheat and oats), two oilseeds (rapeseed and linseed), and four grain legumes (chickpea, fieldpea, lupin and lathyrus). Soil mineral N (0-1.2 m) at 40,68, 107, 150 and 185 days after harvest was affected (P < 0.05) by the prior crop. At 40 days it was generally higher following grain legumes (34-76 kg/ha N) than following oilseeds or cereals (16-30 kg/ha N). Net increase during the next 145 days was in the order of cereals (2 1-27 kg/ha N) < oilseeds (40 kg/ha N) <grain legumes (53-85 kg/ha N). These differences are partly accounted for by differences in the quantities of N removed in the grain of these crops. However, a large quantity of mineral N accumulated following lupin even though a large quantity (80 kg/ha) was removed in the grain.

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In situ ion exchange resin membrane (IEM) technique to measure soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in grazed pastures

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/s00374-007-0260-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 805-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Saman Bowatte ◽

Russell Tillman ◽

Andrew Carran ◽

Allan Gillingham ◽

David Scotter

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Exchange Resin ◽

Ion Exchange Resin ◽

Nitrogen Dynamics ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Grazed Pastures ◽

Resin Membrane

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Influence of root zone nitrogen management and a summer catch crop on cucumber yield and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in intensive production systems

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-008-9679-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 313 (1-2) ◽

pp. 55-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Ruiying Guo ◽

Xiaolin Li ◽

Peter Christie ◽

Qing Chen ◽

Rongfeng Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Root Zone ◽

Nitrogen Dynamics ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Catch Crop ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Summer Catch Crop ◽

Cucumber Yield

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Soil mineral nitrogen responses following liquid hog manure application to semiarid forage lands

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss2013-002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 369-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. W. Bork ◽

B. D. Lambert ◽

S. Banerjee ◽

L. J. Blonski

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Mineral N ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Mineral N ◽

Manure Application ◽

Mixed Grass Prairie ◽

Hog Manure ◽

Mixed Grass

Bork, E. W., Lambert, B. D., Banerjee, S. and Blonski, L. J. 2013. Soil mineral nitrogen responses following liquid hog manure application to semiarid forage lands. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 369–378. Expansion of intensive livestock operations into semiarid regions lacking cultivated lands requires consideration of perennial forages for the efficient and sustainable disposal of manure. Little information exists on the nutrient dynamics associated with the application of manure to these areas. We examined soil mineral nitrogen (N) responses in four sites of the mixed-grass prairie, including two native grasslands and two introduced pastures, following different seasons (fall vs. spring), methods (dribble broadcast vs. coulter injected) and rates of liquid hog manure application (9.4, 18.8, 37.5, 75 and 150 kg ha−1available N). Soil mineral N, including NO3-N, NH4-N and total mineral N, were assessed after application but prior to plant growth in April 1999, and again one growing season later in April 2000. Initial soil N did not vary with season of application. Soil mineral N predictably increased with application rate, but only in the upper soil profile (0–20 cm). Decreases in soil mineral N after one growing season in all treatments highlighted the ability of these perennial forage lands to immobilize large amounts of soil N, a significant portion of which was related to N uptake by vegetation. Compared with broadcast application, manure injection led to 35% greater soil mineral N (both NO3and NH4) prior to plant growth, a response that persisted 1 yr later (+12%), thus demonstrating the N conserved benefits of manure incorporation. Overall, increases in soil mineral N within these forage lands appeared to be relatively short-term in nature, largely depleting over the course of a single growing season, suggesting one-time liquid hog manure application at low to moderate rates may be sustainable in this region of the mixed-grass prairie.

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