Geoeffectiveness of the ‘Battle of Grunwald day’ in 2012

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gil ◽  
Renata Modzelewska ◽  
Szczepan Moskwa ◽  
Agnieszka Siluszyk ◽  
Marek Siluszyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Electric Transmission Lines ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Ap Index ◽  
Halo Coronal Mass Ejection

<p>During the solar activity cycle 24, which started at the end of 2008, Sun was behaving silently and there were not many spectacular geoeffective events. Here we analyze the geomagnetic storm which happened on July 15 of 2012 in the 602 anniversary of the famous Polish Battle of Grunwald. According to the NOAA scale, it was G3 geomagnetic storm with Bz heliospheric magnetic field component dropping up to -20 nT, Dst index below -130 nT, AE index greater than 1300 nT and ap index being above 130 nT. It was proceeded by the solar flare of X1.4 class on 12 of July. This geomagnetic storm was accompanied by the fast halo coronal mass ejection 16:48:05 on 12 of July-the first C2 appearance, with the apparent speed 885 km/s and space speed 1405 km/s. This geomagnetic storm was classified as the fourth of the strongest geomagnetic storms from SC 24. Around that time in Polish electric transmission lines infrastructure, there was observed a significant growth of the number of failures that might be of solar origin.</p><p><em>Acknowledgments: the Polish National Science Centre, grant number 2016/22/E/HS5/00406.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Solar Event of 14 – 15 July 2012 and Its Geoeffectiveness

Solar Physics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gil ◽  
Renata Modzelewska ◽  
Szczepan Moskwa ◽  
Agnieszka Siluszyk ◽  
Marek Siluszyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Electric Transmission Lines ◽  
Solar Cycle 24 ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Ap Index ◽  
Halo Coronal Mass Ejection

Abstract During Solar Cycle 24, which started at the end of 2008, the Sun was calm, and there were not many spectacular geoeffective events. In this article, we analyze the geomagnetic storm that happened on 15 July 2012 during the 602nd anniversary of the Polish Battle of Grunwald, thus we propose this event to be called the “Battle of Grunwald Day Storm”. According to NOAA scale, it was a G3 geomagnetic storm with a southward component of the heliospheric magnetic field, $Bz$ B z , falling to −20 nT, minimum Dst index of −139 nT, AE index of 1368 nT, and Ap index of 132 nT. It was preceded by a solar flare class X1.4 on 12 July. This geomagnetic storm was associated with the fast halo coronal mass ejection at 16:48:05 UT on 12 July, first appearance in the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph C2, with a plane-of-sky speed of 885 km s−1 and maximum of 1415 km s−1. This geomagnetic storm was classified as the fourth strongest geomagnetic storm of Solar Cycle 24. At that time, a significant growth in the failures of the Polish electric transmission lines was observed, which could have a solar origin.

Geoelectric field as a GIC proxy during the intense geomagnetic storms and Polish transmission lines failures occurrence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gil ◽  
Monika Berendt-Marchel ◽  
Renata Modzelewska ◽  
Szczepan Moskwa ◽  
Agnieszka Siluszyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Geoelectric Field ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Superposed Epoch Analysis ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Solar Origin ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Epoch Analysis

<p>We study intense geomagnetic storms (Dst < 100nT) during the first half of the solar cycle 24. This type of storm appeared only a few times, mostly associated with southwardly directed heliospheric magnetic field  B<sub>z</sub> . Using various methodology as self-organizing maps, statistical and superposed epoch analysis, we show that during and right after intense geomagnetic storms, growth in the number of transmission lines failures, which might be of solar origin, appeared. We also examine the temporal changes in the number of failures during 2010-2014 and found the growing linear tendency of electrical grid failures occurrence possibly connected with solar activity. We confront these results with the geoelectric field calculated for the Poland region using a 1-D layered conductivity Earth model.</p>

scholarly journals The spatial relationship between active regions and coronal holes and the occurrence of intense geomagnetic storms throughout the solar activity cycle

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bravo ◽  
J. A. L. Cruz-Abeyro ◽  
D. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Coronal Holes ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Sunspot Maximum

Abstract. We study the annual frequency of occurrence of intense geomagnetic storms (Dst < –100 nT) throughout the solar activity cycle for the last three cycles and find that it shows different structures. In cycles 20 and 22 it peaks during the ascending phase, near sunspot maximum. During cycle 21, however, there is one peak in the ascending phase and a second, higher, peak in the descending phase separated by a minimum of storm occurrence during 1980, the sunspot maximum. We compare the solar cycle distribution of storms with the corresponding evolution of coronal mass ejections and flares. We find that, as the frequency of occurrence of coronal mass ejections seems to follow very closely the evolution of the sunspot number, it does not reproduce the storm profiles. The temporal distribution of flares varies from that of sunspots and is more in agreement with the distribution of intense geomagnetic storms, but flares show a maximum at every sunspot maximum and cannot then explain the small number of intense storms in 1980. In a previous study we demonstrated that, in most cases, the occurrence of intense geomagnetic storms is associated with a flaring event in an active region located near a coronal hole. In this work we study the spatial relationship between active regions and coronal holes for solar cycles 21 and 22 and find that it also shows different temporal evolution in each cycle in accordance with the occurrence of strong geomagnetic storms; although there were many active regions during 1980, most of the time they were far from coronal holes. We analyse in detail the situation for the intense geomagnetic storms in 1980 and show that, in every case, they were associated with a flare in one of the few active regions adjacent to a coronal hole.

scholarly journals Relationship between geomagnetic storm development and the solar wind parameter ß

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kurazhkovskaya ◽  
Oleg Zotov ◽  
Boris Klain
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Plasma Pressure ◽  
Superposition Method ◽  
Solar Wind Parameter ◽  
Dst Index

We have analyzed the dynamics of solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters during the development of 933 isolated geomagnetic storms, observed over the period from 1964 to 2010. The analysis was carried out using the epoch superposition method at intervals of 48 hrs before and 168 hrs after the moment of Dst minimum. The geomagnetic storms were selected by the type of storm commencement (sudden or gradual) and by intensity (weak, moderate, and strong). The dynamics of the solar wind and IMF parameters was compared with that of the Dst index, which is an indicator of the development of geomagnetic storms. The largest number of storms in the solar activity cycle is shown to occur in the years of minimum average values (close in magnitude to 1) of the solar wind parameter β (β is the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure). We have revealed that the dynamics of the Dst index is similar to that of the β parameter. The duration of the storm recovery phase follows the characteristic recovery time of the β parameter. We have found out that during the storm main phase the β parameter is close to 1, which reflects the maximum turbulence of solar wind plasma fluctuations. In the recovery phase, β returns to background values β~2‒3.5. We assume that the solar wind plasma turbulence, characterized by the β parameter, can play a significant role in the development of geomagnetic storms.

Prediction of the Beginning of Solar Activity Cycle 24 by the Similar Cycle Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Miao ◽  
Jia-Long Wang ◽  
Si-Qing Liu ◽  
Jian-Cun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Cycle 24

Preliminary forecast for the peak of solar activity cycle 24

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Ahluwalia ◽  
R.C. Ygbuhay
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Cycle 24
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