Impact of Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming on Mid-Latitude Thermosphere and Ionosphere over USA and Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Goncharenko ◽  
V Lynn Harvey ◽  
Katelynn Greer ◽  
Shun-Rong Zhang ◽  
Anthea Coster
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Declination Angle ◽  
Thermospheric Winds

<p>Limited observational evidence indicates that ionospheric changes caused by Arctic SSWs propagate to at least the middle latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. However, it is not known if similar ionospheric anomalies are produced by Antarctic SSWs, mostly because Antarctic SSWs occur less often than the Arctic events. The sudden stratospheric warming of September 2019 has provided a perfect opportunity to investigate whether SSW are linked to upper atmospheric anomalies at middle latitudes of the opposite hemisphere. In this study we provide an overview of thermospheric and ionospheric anomalies observed in September 2019 at middle latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Our results indicate persistent and strong positive anomalies in total electron content and thermospheric O/N2 ratio observed in the western region of USA. Central and eastern regions of USA do not experience similar positive perturbations and show mostly moderate suppression of TEC reaching 20-40% of the baseline. Both positive and negative anomalies are observed over the central Europe. We discuss potential mechanisms that could be responsible for the observed features and suggest that regional differences in TEC response could be related to modulation of thermospheric winds by SSW and large declination angle over Western US.</p>

Whole Atmosphere Coupling during the September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Yamazaki ◽  
Yasunobu Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Total Electron Content Data ◽  
Zonal Wavenumber

<p>A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is a large-scale meteorological phenomenon, which is most commonly observed in the Arctic region during winter months. In September 2019, a rare SSW occurred in the Antarctic region, providing a unique opportunity to study its impact on the middle and upper atmosphere. Geopotential height measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard NASA's Aura satellite reveal a burst of westward-propagating quasi-6-day wave (Q6DW) with zonal wavenumber 1 in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere following the SSW. At this time, ionospheric data from ESA's Swarm satellite constellation mission show prominent 6-day variations in the daytime equatorial electrojet intensity and low-latitude plasma densities. The whole atmosphere model GAIA reproduces salient features of the middle and upper atmosphere response to the SSW. GAIA results suggest that the observed ionospheric 6-day variations are not directly driven by the Q6DW but driven indirectly through tidal modulations by the Q6DW. An analysis of global total electron content data reveals signatures of secondary waves arising from the nonlinear interaction between the Q6DW and tides.</p>

Vertical Atmospheric Coupling during the September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Yamazaki ◽  
Vivien Matthias ◽  
Yasunobu Miyoshi ◽  
Claudia Stolle ◽  
Tarique Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Zonal Wavenumber

<p>A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an extreme wintertime meteorological phenomenon occurring mostly over the Arctic region. Studies have shown that an Arctic SSW can influence the whole atmosphere including the ionosphere. In September 2019, a rare SSW event occurred in the Antarctic region, following strong wave-1 planetary wave activity. The event provides an opportunity to investigate its broader impact on the upper atmosphere, which has been largely unexplored in previous studies. Ionospheric data from ESA's Swarm satellite constellation mission show prominent 6-day variations in the dayside low-latitude region during the SSW, including 20-70% variations in the equatorial zonal electric field, 20-40% variations in the electron density, and 5-10% variations in the top-side total electron content. These ionospheric variations have characteristics of a westward-propagating wave with zonal wavenumber 1, and can be attributed to forcing from the middle atmosphere by the Rossby normal mode “quasi-6-day wave” (Q6DW). Geopotential height measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard NASA's Aura satellite reveal a burst of global Q6DW activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at this time, which is one of the strongest in the record. These results suggest that an Antarctic SSW can lead to ionospheric variability by altering middle atmosphere dynamics and propagation characteristics of large-scale waves from the middle atmosphere to the upper atmosphere.</p>

Hemispheric asymmetry of the ionospheric variation during major sudden stratospheric warming events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghe Zhang ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Magnetic Equator ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
The North ◽  
Latitudinal Variations ◽  
The Difference

<p>The hemispheric asymmetry of the ionospheric variation in the American sector (45°N~45°S, MLAT; 80°~60°W) is studied with total electron content (TEC) data during major sudden stratospheric warming events. The amplitude (A<sub>M2</sub>) and relative strength (RS<sub>M2</sub>) of the semi-diurnal lunar tidal component (M2) of TEC are analyzed. RS<sub>M2</sub> is the ratio between the energy of M2 and the energy of all the studied tidal components. The magnitudes of A<sub>M2</sub> and RS<sub>M2</sub> exhibit clear hemispheric and latitudinal variations. The A<sub>M2</sub> in the north of the magnetic equator tends to occur at lower magnetic latitudes than the A<sub>M2</sub> in the south of the magnetic equator. The RS<sub>M2</sub> exhibits similar features as the A<sub>M2</sub> but the difference is more distinct. We suggest that such hemispheric asymmetry of M2 parameters is related to the hemispheric asymmetry of the EIA and the latitudinal variation of the amplitude of the solar tidal components in winter.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of January 2009 stratospheric warming on HF radio wave propagation in the low-latitude ionosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Дарья Котова ◽  
Daria Kotova ◽  
Максим Клименко ◽  
Maksim Klimenko ◽  
Владимир Клименко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Radio Wave ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Equatorial Ionosphere ◽  
Radio Wave Propagation ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Low Latitude Ionosphere

For the first time, we consider the effect of the January 23–27, 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event on HF radio wave propagation in the equatorial ionosphere. This event took place during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. We use the simulation results obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) for simulating environmental changes during the SSW event. We both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduce total electron content disturbances obtained from global ground network receiver observations of GPS navigation satellite signals, by setting an additional electric potential and TIME-GCM model output at a height of 80 km. In order to study the influence of this SSW event on HF radio wave propagation and attenuation, we use the numerical model of radio wave propagation based on geometrical optics approximation. It is shown that a sudden stratospheric warming leads to radio signal attenuation in the day-time equatorial ionosphere.

Changes in the middle and upper atmosphere parameters during the January 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Анна Ясюкевич ◽  
Anna Yasyukevich ◽  
Максим Клименко ◽  
Maksim Klimenko ◽  
Юрий Куликов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Critical Frequency Fof2

We present the results of complex obser-vations of various parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere over Siberia in December 2012 – January 2013, during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We analyze variations in ozone concentration from microwave measurements, in stratosphere and lower mesosphere temperatures from lidar and satellite measurements, in the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2), in the total electron content (TEC), as well as in the ratio of concentrations of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (O/N2) in the thermosphere. To interpret the observed disturbances in the upper atmosphere, the experimental measurements are compared with the results of model calculations obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of Thermosphere—Ionosphere—Protonosphere (GSM TIP). The response of the upper atmosphere to the SSW event is shown to be a decrease in foF2 and TEC during the evolution of the warming event and a prolonged increase in O/N2, foF2, and TEC after the SSW maximum. For the first time, we observe the relation between the increase in stratospheric ozone, thermospheric O/N2, and ionospheric electron density for a fairly long time (up to 20 days) after the SSW maximum at midlatitudes.

Ionospheric Variability: Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warming events during Solar Cycle 24

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumedha Gupta ◽  
Arun Kumar Upadhayaya ◽  
Devendraa Siingh
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Vertical Total Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Ionospheric Response ◽  
Solar Cycle 24 ◽  
Cycle 24

<p>With low solar activity and unusual progression, Solar Cycle 24 lasted from December 2008 to December 2019 and is considered to be the weakest cycle in the last 100 years. During such quiet solar background conditions, the wave forcing from lower atmosphere will have a perceivable effect on the ionosphere. This study examines the ionospheric response to meteorological phenomenon of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events during Solar Cycle 24 (Arctic winter 2008/09 to 2018/19). Ionospheric response to each of these identified warming periods is quantified by studying ground – based Global Positioning System (GPS) derived vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) and its deviation from monthly median (ΔVTEC) for four longitudinal chains, selected from worldwide International GNSS service (IGS) stations. Each chain comprises of eight stations, chosen in such a way as to cover varied latitudes both in Northern and Southern Hemispheres. A strong latitude – dependent response of VTEC perturbations is observed after the peak stratospheric temperature anomaly (ΔT<sub>max</sub>). The semidiurnal behaviour of VTEC, with morning increase and afternoon decrease, is mostly observed at near-equatorial stations. This vertical coupling between lower and upper atmosphere during SSW is influenced by prominent 13-14 days periodicities in VTEC observations, along with other periodicities of 7, 5, and 3 days. It is seen that the ionospheric response increases with increase in solar activity. Further, under similar ionizing conditions, quite similar ionospheric response is observed, irrespective of ΔT<sub>max</sub> and type of SSW event being major or minor. However, under similar SSW strength (ΔT<sub>max</sub>), no prominent pattern in ionospheric response is observed. The causative mechanism for the coupling processes in the atmosphere during these SSW events is discussed in detail.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in the middle and upper atmosphere parameters during the January 2013 sudden stratospheric warming

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анна Ясюкевич ◽  
Anna Yasyukevich ◽  
Максим Клименко ◽  
Maksim Klimenko ◽  
Юрий Куликов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Critical Frequency Fof2

We present the results of complex obser-vations of various parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere over Siberia in December 2012 – January 2013, during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We analyze variations in ozone concentration from microwave measurements, in stratosphere and lower mesosphere temperatures from lidar and satellite measurements, in the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2), in the total electron content (TEC), as well as in the ratio of concentrations of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (O/N2) in the thermosphere. To interpret the observed disturbances in the upper atmosphere, the experimental measurements are compared with the results of model calculations obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of Thermosphere—Ionosphere—Protonosphere (GSM TIP). The response of the upper atmosphere to the SSW event is shown to be a decrease in foF2 and TEC during the evolution of the warming event and a prolonged increase in O/N2, foF2, and TEC after the SSW maximum. For the first time, we observe the relation between the increase in stratospheric ozone, thermospheric O/N2, and ionospheric electron density for a fairly long time (up to 20 days) after the SSW maximum at midlatitudes.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the level of total electron content disturbance at high and middle latitudes according to GPS data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Наталья Перевалова ◽  
Natalia Perevalova ◽  
Илья Едемский ◽  
Ilya Edemsky ◽  
Ольга Тимофеева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Electron Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The Arctic Region

We study the level of total electron content (TEC) disturbance in ionospheric mid-latitude and high-latitude regions, which occurred during 2013. TEC behavior is calculated using data from two GPS stations: MOND (Mondy) and NRIL (Norilsk). TEC variations are estimated from dual-frequency phase measurements for all radio signal paths. We analyze the TEC variations in two time ranges: 10 and 40 min. These ranges correspond to medium- and large-scale ionospheric disturbances respectively. The TEC disturbance level is characterized using a special index WTEC. It allows us to receive multi-day continuous series of average TEC variation intensity. We reveal that at high latitudes WTEC variations correlate well with AE ones. The correlation between WTEC and Dst variations is much lower. The minimum level of TEC disturbance is independent of the season in the Arctic region; diurnal WTEC variations are more pronounced for medium-scale ionospheric disturbances than for large-scale ones. At mid-latitudes, the WTEC variation concurs with Dst and Kp variations only during strong magnetic storms. The minimum level of TEC disturbance is higher in summer than in winter. At middle latitudes, the sunset terminator generates gravity waves. In the Arctic region, terminator-induced waves are not observed.

scholarly journals Influence of January 2009 stratospheric warming on HF radio wave propagation in the low-latitude ionosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Дарья Котова ◽  
Daria Kotova ◽  
Максим Клименко ◽  
Maksim Klimenko ◽  
Владимир Клименко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Radio Wave ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Equatorial Ionosphere ◽  
Radio Wave Propagation ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Total Electron

We have considered the influence of the January 23–27, 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event on HF radio wave propagation in the equatorial ionosphere. This event took place during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. We use the simulation results obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) for simulating environmental changes during the SSW event. We both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced total electron content disturbances obtained from global ground network receiver observations of GPS navigation satellite signals, by setting an additional electric potential and TIME-GCM model output at a height of 80 km. In order to study the influence of this SSW event on HF radio wave propagation and attenuation, we used the numerical model of radio wave propagation based on geometrical optics approximation. It is shown that the sudden stratospheric warming leads to radio signal attenuation and deterioration of radio communication in the daytime equatorial ionosphere.

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