Biomass allocation strategies shaping woody species adaptations to shade and drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Puglielli ◽  
Lauri Laanisto ◽  
Hendrik Poorter ◽  
Ülo Niinemets
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Plant Functional Type ◽  
Functional Type ◽  
Optimal Partitioning ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Optimal Partitioning Theory ◽  
Allocation Patterns

<p>Optimal partitioning theory predicts that plants allocate a greater proportion of biomass to the organs acquiring the most limiting resource when different environments challenge a given species (acclimation). Results are disputed when testing how biomass allocation patterns among species with contrasting tolerance of abiotic stress factors (adaptation) conform to optimal partitioning theory.</p><p>We tested the optimal partitioning theory by analyzing the relationships of proportional biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots with species tolerance of shade and drought at a global scale including ~7000 observations for 604 woody species. The dataset spanned three plant functional types. In order to correct for ontogeny, differences among plant functional types at different levels of shade and drought tolerance were evaluated at three ontogenetic stages: seedlings, small trees and big trees. Adaptation and acclimation responses were also compared.</p><p>We did not find overarching biomass allocation patterns at different tolerance values across species even if tolerant and intolerant species rarely overlapped in the trait space. Biomass allocation mainly varied among plant functional types due to phenological (deciduous vs. evergreen broad-leaved species) and broad phylogenetical (angiosperms vs. gymnosperms) differences. Furthermore, the direction of biomass allocation responses between tolerant and intolerant species was often opposite compared to that predicted by the optimal partitioning theory.</p><p>Plant functional type is the major determinant of biomass allocation patterns in woody species at the global scale. Finally, interactions between ontogeny, plant functional type, species-specific stress tolerance<strong> </strong>adaptations (i.e. changes in organs surface area per unit dry mass), phenotypic plasticity or convergence in plant architecture can alter biomass allocation differences. All these factors permit woody species with different shade and drought tolerances to display multiple biomass partitioning strategies.</p>

scholarly journals A global scale mechanistic model of the photosynthetic capacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 6217-6266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ali ◽  
C. Xu ◽  
A. Rogers ◽  
R. A. Fisher ◽  
S. D. Wullschleger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Light Capture ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Although plant photosynthetic capacity as determined by the maximum carboxylation rate (i.e., Vc, max25) and the maximum electron transport rate (i.e., Jmax25) at a reference temperature (generally 25 °C) is known to vary substantially in space and time in response to environmental conditions, it is typically parameterized in Earth system models (ESMs) with tabulated values associated to plant functional types. In this study, we developed a mechanistic model of leaf utilization of nitrogen for assimilation (LUNA V1.0) to predict the photosynthetic capacity at the global scale under different environmental conditions, based on the optimization of nitrogen allocated among light capture, electron transport, carboxylation, and respiration. The LUNA model was able to reasonably well capture the observed patterns of photosynthetic capacity in view that it explained approximately 55 % of the variation in observed Vc, max25 and 65 % of the variation in observed Jmax25 across the globe. Our model simulations under current and future climate conditions indicated that Vc, max25 could be most affected in high-latitude regions under a warming climate and that ESMs using a fixed Vc, max25 or Jmax25 by plant functional types were likely to substantially overestimate future global photosynthesis.

scholarly journals A global scale mechanistic model of photosynthetic capacity (LUNA V1.0)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ali ◽  
C. Xu ◽  
A. Rogers ◽  
R. A. Fisher ◽  
S. D. Wullschleger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Light Capture

Abstract. Although plant photosynthetic capacity as determined by the maximum carboxylation rate (i.e., Vc, max25) and the maximum electron transport rate (i.e., Jmax25) at a reference temperature (generally 25 °C) is known to vary considerably in space and time in response to environmental conditions, it is typically parameterized in Earth system models (ESMs) with tabulated values associated with plant functional types. In this study, we have developed a mechanistic model of leaf utilization of nitrogen for assimilation (LUNA) to predict photosynthetic capacity at the global scale under different environmental conditions. We adopt an optimality hypothesis to nitrogen allocation among light capture, electron transport, carboxylation and respiration. The LUNA model is able to reasonably capture the measured spatial and temporal patterns of photosynthetic capacity as it explains  ∼  55 % of the global variation in observed values of Vc, max25 and  ∼  65 % of the variation in the observed values of Jmax25. Model simulations with LUNA under current and future climate conditions demonstrate that modeled values of Vc, max25 are most affected in high-latitude regions under future climates. ESMs that relate the values of Vc, max25 or Jmax25 to plant functional types only are likely to substantially overestimate future global photosynthesis.

Plant Functional Types of Woody Species Related to Fire Disturbance in Forest–Grassland Ecotones

Plant Ecology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Müller ◽  
Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽  
Jörg Pfadenhauer ◽  
Valério D. Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Functional Types

scholarly journals Nitrogen addition affects plant biomass allocation but not allometric relationships among different organs across the globe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yue ◽  
Dario A Fornara ◽  
Wang Li ◽  
Xiangyin Ni ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Optimal Partitioning ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Allocation Patterns

Abstract Aims Biomass allocation to different organs is a fundamental plant ecophysiological process to better respond to changing environments; yet, it remains poorly understood how patterns of biomass allocation respond to nitrogen (N) additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis using 5474 pairwise observations from 333 articles to assess how N addition affected plant biomass and biomass allocation among different organs. We also tested the “ratio-based optimal partitioning” vs. the “isometric allocation” hypotheses to explain potential N addition effects on biomass allocation. Important findings We found that (1) N addition significantly increased whole plant biomass and the biomass of different organs, but decreased root:shoot ratio (RS) and root mass fraction (RMF) while no effects of N addition on leaf mass fraction (LMF) and stem mass fraction (SMF) at the global scale; (2) the effects of N addition on ratio-based biomass allocation were mediated by individual or interactive effects of moderator variables such as experimental conditions, plant functional types, latitudes, and rates of N addition; and (3) N addition did not affect allometric relationships among different organs, suggesting that decreases in RS and RMF may result from isometric allocation patterns following increases in whole plant biomass. Despite alteration of ratio-based biomass allocation between root and shoot by N addition, the unaffected allometric scaling relationships among different organs (including root vs. shoot) suggest that plant biomass allocation patterns are more appropriately explained by the isometric allocation hypothesis rather than the optimal partitioning hypothesis. Our findings contribute to better understand N-induced effects on allometric relationships of terrestrial plants, and suggest that these ecophysiological responses should be incorporated into models that aim to predict how terrestrial ecosystems may respond to enhanced N deposition under future global change scenarios.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES WITH REGARD TO RARE SPECIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
A. A. Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Functional Type ◽  
Rare Plant Species ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Euclidean Distances

<p>Plant functional type (PFT) is a description of the main functional and structural characteristics of plant species, which ensure its vitality and adaptive capabilities. In practice, researchers choose a subset of these characteristics, based on a specific scientific task. We assessed the level of biological and ecological individuality and diversity of the whole community of the protected plant species towards plant functional types in Sumy region (Ukraine). At present, there are 150 species of protected vascular plants in Sumy region. The selection of key parameters to evaluate PFT of the protected and rare plant species has a significant limitation. The phytosozological literature contains no data which are usually taken into consideration for the widespread plant species. The biological and morphological parameters included life-form (4 levels), age (3 levels), root system (3 levels), presence and type of underground metamorphoses of the vegetative organs (5 levels), type of reproduction (5 levels). The analysis has shown that Euclidean distances are not equal to zero for a couple or a group of plant species. Each plant species has its own functional type which is characteristic only for it. Some six pairs or groups of species with the closest Euclidean distances in the range from .10 to .15 were revealed from a number of 150 examined plant species. Overall, only 13 species were considered as the similar by their functional type. The remaining 137 species have significantly large differences in their structure, biology, and ecology parameters. This result is consistent with the principle of structural and functional individuality of each of the taxonomic plant species. Based on this fact, the system of rare plant species protection in Sumy region should be individualised in accordance with the functional type of the specific protected plant species and its requirements for the ecological-coenotic environment.</p>

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