Determining optimum wave velocity from sparse CMP automatically by coupling POCS interpolation and NMO correction: application to array antenna GPR data collected during in-situ infiltration test

<p>As an array antenna ground penetrating radar (GPR) system electronically switches any antenna combinations sequentially in milliseconds, multi-offset gather data, such as common mid-point (CMP) data, can be acquired almost seamlessly. However, due to the inflexibility of changing the antenna offset, only a limited number of scans can be obtained. The array GPR system has been used to collect time-lapse GPR data, including CMP data during the field infiltration experiment (Iwasaki et al., 2016). CMP data obtained by the array GPR are, however, too sparse to obtain reliable velocity using a standard velocity analysis, such as semblance analysis. We attempted to interpolate the sparse CMP data based on projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm (Yi et al., 2016) coupled with NMO correction to automatically determine optimum EM wave velocity. Our previous numerical study showed that the proposed method allows us to determine the EM wave velocity during the infiltration experiment.</p><p>The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the proposed method to interpolate sparse array antenna GPR CMP data collected during the in-situ infiltration experiment at Tottori sand dunes. The interpolated CMP data were then used in the semblance analysis to determine the EM wave velocity, which was further used to compute the infiltration front depth. The estimated infiltration depths agreed well with independently obtained depths. This study demonstrated the possibility of developing an automatic velocity analysis based on POCS interpolation coupled with NMO correction for sparse CMP collected with array antenna GPR.</p>