scholarly journals Editor comment: Global carbon budget 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 859-861
Author(s):  
D. Carlson ◽  
H. Pfeiffenberger
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Editor Comment ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals The global carbon budget: a conflicting claims problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Manuel Giménez-Gómez ◽  
Jordi Teixidó-Figueras ◽  
Cori Vilella
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Claims Problem ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals Global carbon budget 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Le Quéré ◽  
R. Moriarty ◽  
R. M. Andrew ◽  
G. P. Peters ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe datasets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates, consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from Land-Use Change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent Dynamic Global Vegetation Models forced by observed climate, CO2 and land cover change (some including nitrogen-carbon interactions). We compare the variability and mean land and ocean fluxes to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2004–2013), EFF was 8.9 ± 0.4 GtC yr−1, ELUC 0.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.3 ± 0.1 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 2.9 ± 0.8 GtC yr−1. For year 2013 alone, EFF grew to 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, 2.3% above 2012, contining the growth trend in these emissions. ELUC was 0.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, GATM was 5.4 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 and SLAND was 2.5 ± 0.9 GtC yr−1. GATM was high in 2013 reflecting a steady increase in EFF and smaller and opposite changes between SOCEAN and SLAND compared to the past decade (2004–2013). The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 395.31 ± 0.10 ppm averaged over 2013. We estimate that EFF will increase by 2.5% (1.3–3.5%) to 10.1 ± 0.6 GtC in 2014 (37.0 ± 2.2 GtCO2 yr−1), 65% above emissions in 1990, based on projections of World Gross Domestic Product and recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy. From this projection of EFF and assumed constant ELUC for 2014, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 545 ± 55 GtC (2000 ± 200 GtCO2) for 1870–2014, about 75% from EFF and 25% from ELUC. This paper documents changes in the methods and datasets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this living dataset (Le Quéré et al., 2013, 2014). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2014). Italic font highlights significant methodological changes and results compared to the Le Quéré et al. (2014) manuscript that accompanies the previous version of this living data.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Hidden forests, the role of vegetated coastal habitats in the ocean carbon budget

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Vegetated coastal habitats, including seagrass and macroalgal beds, mangrove forests and salt marshes, form highly productive ecosystems, but their contribution to the global carbon budget remains overlooked, and these forests remain hidden in representations of the global carbon budget. Despite being confined to a narrow belt around the shoreline of the world's oceans, where they cover less than 7 million km2, vegetated coastal habitats support about 1 to 10 % of the global marine net primary production and generate a large organic carbon surplus of about 40 % of their net primary production (NPP), which is either buried in sediments within these habitats or exported away. Large, 10-fold uncertainties in the area covered by vegetated coastal habitats, along with variability about carbon flux estimates, result in a 10-fold bracket around the estimates of their contribution to organic carbon sequestration in sediments and the deep sea from 73 to 866 Tg C yr−1, representing between 3 % and 1∕3 of oceanic CO2 uptake. Up to 1∕2 of this carbon sequestration occurs in sink reservoirs (sediments or the deep sea) beyond these habitats. The organic carbon exported that does not reach depositional sites subsidizes the metabolism of heterotrophic organisms. In addition to a significant contribution to organic carbon production and sequestration, vegetated coastal habitats contribute as much to carbonate accumulation as coral reefs do. While globally relevant, the magnitude of global carbon fluxes supported by salt-marsh, mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal habitats is declining due to rapid habitat loss, contributing to loss of CO2 sequestration, storage capacity and carbon subsidies. Incorporating the carbon fluxes' vegetated coastal habitats' support into depictions of the carbon budget of the global ocean and its perturbations will improve current representations of the carbon budget of the global ocean.

Balancing the deglacial global carbon budget: the hydrate factor

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (15-17) ◽  
pp. 1729-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Maslin ◽  
Ellen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Global Carbon

A Statistical Model of the Global Carbon Budget

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hillebrand ◽  
Mikkel Bennedsen ◽  
Siem Jan Koopman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>We propose a dynamic statistical model of the Global Carbon Budget (GCB) as represented in the annual data set made available by the Global Carbon Project (Friedlingsstein et al., 2019, Earth System Science Data 11, 1783--1838), covering the sample period 1959--2018. The model connects four main objects of interest: atmospheric CO2 concentrations, anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the absorption of CO2 by the terrestrial biosphere (land sink) and by the ocean and marine biosphere (ocean sink).<span>  </span>The model captures the global carbon budget equation, which states that emissions not absorbed by either land or ocean sinks must remain in the atmosphere and constitute a flow to the stock of atmospheric concentrations. Emissions depend on global economic activity as measured by World gross domestic product (GDP), and sink activity depends on the level of atmospheric concentrations and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We use the model to determine the time series dynamics of atmospheric concentrations, to assess parameter uncertainty, to compute key variables such as the airborne fraction and sink rate, to forecast the GCB components from forecasts of World-GDP and SOI, and to conduct scenario analysis based on different possible future paths of World-GDP.</p>

Biomass of tropical tree plantations and its implications for the global carbon budget

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Brown ◽  
Ariel E. Lugo ◽  
Jonathan Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Global Carbon Budget ◽  
Tropical Plantations ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Tropical Tree Plantations

To determine the present and future role of tropical tree plantations in the global carbon budget, data on rates of plantation establishment and their commercial volumes, by species groups and age-classes, were gathered and converted to biomass and ultimately to carbon fluxes. The rate of plantation establishment has increased dramatically since the 1940's, resulting in an area in 1980 of about 11 × 106 ha with more than 60% of this area planted during the last decade. Total biomass of plantations is estimated to range from 0.65 × 109 to 2.22 × 109 t or about 1% of the biomass of natural forests. Most of the biomass (79%) is in the 6- to 30-year-old plantations. We estimate that tropical plantations are a small sink of atmospheric carbon of 0.03–0.11 × 109 t C/year, most of which occurs in the two youngest age-classes. Although this flux is small, it may be sufficient to balance the small source of carbon from harvesting forests and other land-use changes in the temperate zone.

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