scholarly journals Fault reactivation by gas injection at an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Villaseñor ◽  
Robert B. Herrmann ◽  
Beatriz Gaite ◽  
Arantza Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Fault Reactivation ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Waveform Modeling ◽  
Valencia Trough

Abstract. During September–October of 2013 an intense swarm of earthquakes occurred off the east coast of Spain associated with the injection of the base gas in an offshore underground gas storage. Two weeks after the end of the injection operations, three moderate-sized earthquakes (Mw 4.0–4.1) occurred near the storage. These events were widely felt by the nearby population, leading to the indefinite shut-down of the facility. Here we investigate the source parameters (focal depth and mechanism) of the largest earthquakes in the sequence in order to identify the faults reactivated by the gas injection, and to help understand the processes that caused the earthquakes. Our waveform modeling results indicate that the largest earthquakes occurred at depths of 6–8 km beneath the sea floor, significantly deeper than the injection depth (~ 1800 m). Although we cannot undoubtedly discriminate the fault plane from the two nodal planes of the mechanisms, most evidence seems to favor a NW-SE striking fault plane. We propose that the gas injection reactivated unmapped faults in the Paleozoic basement, with regional orientation possibly inherited from the opening of the Valencia Trough.

scholarly journals Fault reactivation by gas injection at an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain

Solid Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Antonio Villaseñor ◽  
Robert B. Herrmann ◽  
Beatriz Gaite ◽  
Arantza Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Fault Reactivation ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Waveform Modeling ◽  
Valencia Trough

Abstract. During September–October of 2013 an intense swarm of earthquakes occurred off the east coast of Spain associated with the injection of the base gas in an offshore underground gas storage. Two weeks after the end of the injection operations, three moderate-sized earthquakes (Mw 4.0–4.1) occurred near the storage. These events were widely felt by the nearby population, leading to the indefinite shut-down of the facility. Here we investigate the source parameters (focal depth and mechanism) of the largest earthquakes in the sequence in order to identify the faults reactivated by the gas injection and to help understand the processes that caused the earthquakes. Our waveform modeling results indicate that the largest earthquakes occurred at depths of 6–8 km beneath the sea floor, significantly deeper than the injection depth (∼1800 m). Although we cannot undoubtedly discriminate the fault plane from the two nodal planes of the mechanisms, most evidence seems to favor a NW–SE-striking fault plane. We propose that the gas injection reactivated faults in the Paleozoic basement, with regional orientation possibly inherited from the opening of the Valencia Trough.

Local magnetic field changes during gas injection and extraction in an underground gas storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhendong Wang ◽  
Jiehao Yuan ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Shuanggui Chen ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Local Magnetic Field ◽  
Underground Gas Storage

A microbiological study of an underground gas storage in the process of gas injection

Microbiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Ivanova ◽  
I. A. Borzenkov ◽  
A. L. Tarasov ◽  
E. I. Milekhina ◽  
S. S. Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Microbiological Study

An Integration Method for Assessing the Operational Reliability of Underground Gas Storage in a Depleted Reservoir

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Yu ◽  
Yuan Min ◽  
Weihe Huang ◽  
Kai Wen ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Process Calculation

Underground gas storage (UGS), a key component of a natural gas pipeline network, can not only be used as an emergency gas source under a pipeline system failure situation but it is also available for seasonal peak shaving under pipeline system normal operation. Therefore, in order to meet the natural gas needs, it is of vital importance to safeguard the security of UGS operation and assess the reliability of UGS. The aim of the overall study is to develop an integration method for assessing operational reliability of UGS in a depleted reservoir under different injection-production scenarios, whereas existing studies only assess a single component or subsystem reliability. According to function zoning, UGS is separated into reservoir, well system, and surface system, and reservoir and surface system are connected through well system. The well system contains multiple injection/production wells. For the first step of the reliability assessment, the hydraulic calculation, including the gas injection process calculation and the gas production process calculation, is adopted to obtain the operational parameters of each component in UGS. Next, the reliability of the reservoir, injection/production well, and equipment in surface system is evaluated using operational parameters and a Monte Carlo approach. The reliability of the subsystem, such as the well system and surface system, is then calculated according to system reliability theory. Finally, operational reliability of UGS is obtained, which reflects the capacity of performing gas injection-production function. Two test cases are given to illustrate the integration method.

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