An Integration Method for Assessing the Operational Reliability of Underground Gas Storage in a Depleted Reservoir

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Yu ◽  
Yuan Min ◽  
Weihe Huang ◽  
Kai Wen ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Process Calculation

Underground gas storage (UGS), a key component of a natural gas pipeline network, can not only be used as an emergency gas source under a pipeline system failure situation but it is also available for seasonal peak shaving under pipeline system normal operation. Therefore, in order to meet the natural gas needs, it is of vital importance to safeguard the security of UGS operation and assess the reliability of UGS. The aim of the overall study is to develop an integration method for assessing operational reliability of UGS in a depleted reservoir under different injection-production scenarios, whereas existing studies only assess a single component or subsystem reliability. According to function zoning, UGS is separated into reservoir, well system, and surface system, and reservoir and surface system are connected through well system. The well system contains multiple injection/production wells. For the first step of the reliability assessment, the hydraulic calculation, including the gas injection process calculation and the gas production process calculation, is adopted to obtain the operational parameters of each component in UGS. Next, the reliability of the reservoir, injection/production well, and equipment in surface system is evaluated using operational parameters and a Monte Carlo approach. The reliability of the subsystem, such as the well system and surface system, is then calculated according to system reliability theory. Finally, operational reliability of UGS is obtained, which reflects the capacity of performing gas injection-production function. Two test cases are given to illustrate the integration method.

An Integration Method for Assessing the Operational Reliability of Underground Gas Storage in Depleted Reservoir

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Yu ◽  
Yuan Min ◽  
Weihe Huang ◽  
Kai Wen ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Operation Parameters ◽  
Process Calculation

Underground gas storage (UGS), as a key component of natural gas pipeline network, can not only be used as emergency gas source under pipeline system failure situation, but it is also available for seasonal peak shaving under pipeline system normal situation. Therefore, in order to meet the natural gas needs, it is of vital importance to safeguard the security of UGS operation and assess the reliability of UGS. The aim of the overall study is to develop an integration method for assessing operational reliability of UGS in depleted reservoir under different injection-production scenarios whereas existing studies only assess single component or subsystem reliability. According to function zoning, UGS is separated into reservoir, well system containing multiple injection/production wells and surface system, and reservoir and surface system are connected through well system. At the first step of reliability assessment, the hydraulic calculation including gas injection process calculation and gas production process calculation is adopted to obtain the operation parameters of each component in UGS. Next, reliability of reservoir, injection/production well and equipment in surface system are evaluated using operation parameters and Monte Carlo approach. The reliability of subsystem, such as well system and surface system, are then calculated according to system reliability theory. Finally, operational reliability of UGS is obtained, which reflects the capacity of performing gas injection-production function. Two test cases are given to illustrate the integration method.

The Commercial Potentials of Underground Natural Gas Storage in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedamola Adegun ◽  
Femi Rufai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Energy Mix

Abstract Nigeria is the 2nd biggest natural gas producer in Africa, with much of it exported as LNG, some re-injected while a small fraction serves the domestic market. The volume supplied to the domestic market plays an outsized role in the energy mix and economy of Nigeria with over 90% supplied to thermal power plants and industrial clusters. As huge upstream gas projects continue to take Final Investment Decision, pipeline takeaway capacity grows and demand increases, the dependence on natural gas and preponderance in the energy mix will likely persist. Natural gas is the present and future of Nigeria's energy needs. The domestic gas industry is evolving but has been fraught with challenges. Oil and gas infrastructure are often disrupted and production shut-in, mostly triggered by infrastructure unavailablity, environmental concerns and prioritisation of hydro power generation during River Niger's white and black floods, all of which come at a cost to upstream producers. Gas producers are often compelled to curtail production of gas plants (associated and non-associated) to avoid environmental disasters and prohibitive gas flare penalties. Can underground gas storage (UGS) be an opportunity for gas producers to guarantee continued operations during disruptions and provide buffer for national strategic benefits? This paper seeks to explore the potential technical and economic dynamics of underground natural gas storage in Nigeria in the context of extant technical regulations, seasonal demand variations, gas flare penalties and local operating environment. The paper presents types of underground storages and recommends the most suitable, considers options for optimal location of UGS in Nigeria and undertakes an economic evaluation of a UGS project. The findings are further presented alongside the critical technical, regulatory and fiscal factors that may facilitate future investments and growth of underground gas storage in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Fault reactivation by gas injection at an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Villaseñor ◽  
Robert B. Herrmann ◽  
Beatriz Gaite ◽  
Arantza Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Fault Reactivation ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Waveform Modeling ◽  
Valencia Trough

Abstract. During September–October of 2013 an intense swarm of earthquakes occurred off the east coast of Spain associated with the injection of the base gas in an offshore underground gas storage. Two weeks after the end of the injection operations, three moderate-sized earthquakes (Mw 4.0–4.1) occurred near the storage. These events were widely felt by the nearby population, leading to the indefinite shut-down of the facility. Here we investigate the source parameters (focal depth and mechanism) of the largest earthquakes in the sequence in order to identify the faults reactivated by the gas injection, and to help understand the processes that caused the earthquakes. Our waveform modeling results indicate that the largest earthquakes occurred at depths of 6–8 km beneath the sea floor, significantly deeper than the injection depth (~ 1800 m). Although we cannot undoubtedly discriminate the fault plane from the two nodal planes of the mechanisms, most evidence seems to favor a NW-SE striking fault plane. We propose that the gas injection reactivated unmapped faults in the Paleozoic basement, with regional orientation possibly inherited from the opening of the Valencia Trough.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring Studies and Preventing the Formation of Biogenic H2S in the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage Facility

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5463
Author(s):  
Anna Turkiewicz ◽  
Teresa Steliga ◽  
Dorota Kluk ◽  
Zbigniew Gminski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Observation Wells

The article discusses the results of biomonitoring research at the Underground Gas Storage (UGS). Hydrogen sulphide, as one of the products of microbiological reaction and transformation, as well as a product of chemical reactions in rocks, is a subject of interest for global petroleum companies. The materials used in this research work were formation waters and stored natural gas. The biomonitoring of reservoir waters and cyclical analyses of the composition of gas stored at UGS Wierzchowice enabled the assessment of the microbiological condition of the reservoir environment and individual storage wells in subsequent years of operation. Investigations of the formation water from individual wells of the UGS Wierzchowice showed the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria bacteria (SRB), such as Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum genera and bacteria that oxidize sulphur compounds. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide and sulphides in the reservoir waters ranged from 1.22 to 15.5 mg/dm3. The monitoring of natural gas received from UGS production wells and observation wells, which was carried out in terms of the determination of hydrogen sulphide and organic sulphur compounds, made it possible to observe changes in their content in natural gas in individual storage cycles. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide in natural gas from production wells ranged from 0.69 to 2.89 mg/dm3, and the content of organic sulphur compounds converted to elemental sulphur ranged from 0.055 to 0.130 mg Sel./Nm3. A higher hydrogen sulphide content was recorded in natural gas from observation wells in the range of 2.02–25.15 mg/Nm3. In order to explain the causes of hydrogen sulphide formation at UGS Wierzchowice, isotopic analyses were performed to determine the isotope composition of δ34SH2S, δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4 in natural gas samples (production and observation wells) and in the deep sample of reservoir water. The results of isotope tests in connection with microbiological tests, chromatographic analyses of sulphur compounds in natural gas collected from UGS Wierzchowice and an analysis of the geological structure of the Wierzchowice deposit allow us to conclude that the dominant processes responsible for the formation of hydrogen sulphide at UGS Wierzchowice are microbiological, consisting of microbial sulphate reduction (MSR). The presented tests allow for the control and maintenance of hydrogen sulphide at a low level in the natural gas received from the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage facility.

CONTROL DE PARÁMETROS OPERATIVOS PARA OPTIMIZAR EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA RED PRINCIPAL DE TRANSPORTE Y DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE GAS NATURAL SECO DEL PROYECTO CAMISEA I THE CONTROL OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS TO GET AN EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF THE MAIN NET OF TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION OF DRY NATURAL GAS OF CAMISEA I PROJECT

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Víctor Alfredo Aybar Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
And Performance ◽  
La Red

Los sistemas actuales de transporte y distribución de gas natural seco correspondientes al proyecto Camisea I, mueven millones de pies cúbicos diarios de este hidrocarburo; su capacidad y confiabilidad operativa repercuten en el consumidor final. La operación o el funcionamiento adecuado de ellos permiten obtener un aprovechamiento eficiente de este recurso. El trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar que, a través del control sobre determinados parámetros operativos (específicamente, valores de presión y flujos de consumo de gas en puntos clave del sistema), es posible obtener un funcionamiento eficiente de la red principal (representado por el consumo de combustible de las estaciones de compresión). Todo ello, garantizando el libre acceso de los usuarios y cumpliendo con las condiciones contractuales entre los miembros que conforman la cadena de valor del gas. Palabras clave.- Gas natural, Transporte, Distribución, Optimización, Modelo, Costos mínimos, Presión, Flujo. ABSTRACTCurrent piping systems for transportation and distribution of dry natural gas in the Camisea I, project, involve the movement of millions of cubic feet of natural gas daily. Their capacity and operational reliability affect the final consumers. Their adequate operation and performance allows obtaining an efficient use of this resource. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that, through the control of certain operational parameters (specifically, values of pressure and flow of gas consumption in key points of the system), it's possible to get an efficient performance of the net (represented by users fuel consumption of the compressor stations). All of this, assumes free access of the users, and complying with contractual conditions among the members that conform the value chain of gas market. Keywords.-Natural gas, Transportation, Distribution, Optimization, Model, Minimum costs, Pressure, Flux.

scholarly journals Radar Interferometry as a Comprehensive Tool for Monitoring the Fault Activity in the Vicinity of Underground Gas Storage Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Rapant ◽  
Juraj Struhár ◽  
Milan Lazecký
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Vienna Basin ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Storage Facilities

Underground gas storage facilities are an important element of the natural gas supply system. They compensate for seasonal fluctuations in natural gas consumption. Their expected lifetime is in tens of years. Continuous monitoring of underground gas storage is therefore very important to ensure its longevity. Periodic injection and withdrawal of natural gas can cause, among other things, vertical movements of the terrain surface. Radar interferometry is a commonly used method for tracking changes in the terrain height. It can register even relatively small height changes (mm/year). The primary aim of our research was to verify whether terrain behavior above a relatively deep underground gas storage can be monitored by this method and to assess the possibility of detecting the occurrence of anomalous terrain behavior in an underground gas storage area such as reactivation of faults in the area. The results show a high correlation between periodic injection and withdrawal of natural gas into/from the underground reservoir and periodic changes in terrain height above it (the amplitude of the height changes is in centimeters), which may allow the detection of anomalous phenomena. We documented special behavior of storage structures in the Vienna Basin: the areas adjacent to the underground gas storages show exactly the opposite phase of vertical movements, i.e., while the terrain above the underground reservoirs rises as natural gas is injected, the adjacent areas subside, and vice versa. Based on the analysis of geological conditions, we tend to conclude that this behavior is conditioned by the tectonic fault structure of the studied area.

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