Role of HRCT in Evaluation of Lung Parenchymal Changes in Symptomatic HIV-Seropositive Individuals - Original Research Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Usmani ◽  
Arushi Bhartiya ◽  
Bitthal Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background: The association between spectrum of pulmonary infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents an immediate and grave public health and socio-economic threat, particularly in the developing world. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the different patterns of pulmonary abnormalities in HIV patients, to define imaging features of each disease whether infective, non-infective or HIV associated pulmonary malignancy, to differentiate different pulmonary diseases in HIV patients on the basis of pattern of involvement and localization of lesions. Materials and Methods: The cases were selected based on all patients referred to the Department of Radiology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut with proven HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection which was clinically suspected of pulmonary infections. HRCT was done. Results: Total 60 cases of HIV/AIDS with suspected pulmonary disease were studied. Out of which 39 were male and 21 were female. Out of which 51.67 % of patients were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB, followed by bacterial infection in 10 % cases and fungal infection like aspergillus in 5%, pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in 2% & cryptococcus in 1% patients, ILD in 3% and thromboembolism in 1% patients while 23.3% of our study did not reveal any significant abnormality. Conclusion: Various findings such as pulmonary TB being the most common infection and most common HRCT finding in pulmonary TB were nodular opacity can be obtained from the present study. HRCT is a highly sensitive tool for detecting parenchymal abnormalities and allows better characterization of the lesions, with better reproducibility and less interobserver difference. Keywords: interstitial lung disease, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Miliary tuberculosis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bronchiectasis in HIV Patients among an Urban Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Veena Dronamraju ◽  
Navneet Singh ◽  
Justin Poon ◽  
Sachi Shah ◽  
Joseph Gorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Institutions

Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent destruction of the airways that presents with productive cough, as well as bronchial wall thickening and luminal dilatation on computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest; it is associated with high mortality. Accumulating data suggests higher rates of bronchiectasis among the HIV-positive population. This case series involves 14 patients with bronchiectasis and HIV followed at two major urban institutions from 1999 to 2018. Demographics, clinical presentation, microbiology, radiographic imaging, and outcomes were collected and compiled. Mean age was 42 years (range 12-77 years). 36% had a CD4 count greater than 500 cells/mm3, 28% had a CD4 count between 200 and 500 cells/mm3, and 36% had AIDS. 43% were treated for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) and 50% for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. 21% had COPD, 7% had asthma, and 7% had a history of pulmonary aspergillosis. Two patients were followed up by pulmonary services after diagnosis of bronchiectasis on CT. The timeline of the follow-up in these cases was within months and after three years respectively. It is posited that the prevalence of bronchiectasis in HIV patients may be underestimated. Improving recognition and management of bronchiectasis could help diminish rehospitalization rates.

scholarly journals The outcome of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia complicated with ventilator - associated pneumonia in a patient suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
Sara Petrovic ◽  
Popovska Jovicic ◽  
Ivana Rakovic ◽  
Predrag Canovic ◽  
Ljiljana Nesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the most common site of opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and respiratory failure is the leading cause of death in these cases. In addition, the use of mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure carries a high risk of nosocomial pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria. Case report. We present a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with positive outcome of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia whose condition progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome with the development of complications associated with mechanical ventilation. As soon as an opportunistic infection was suspected, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroid therapy were initiated, with a short application of mechanical ventilation. Despite a good initial response to treatment, during the mechanical ventilation, a relapse of fever occurred, as well as development of productive cough, new zones of consolidation on chest X-ray and Acinetobacter spp. was isolated in a swab culture. According to the literature recommendations, colistinmeropenem combination was conducted with adequate response. The patient was discharged after 22 days of treatment, in good general condition, afebrile, with normal laboratory parameters and gas exchange, without subjective symptoms. Conclusion. Early identification of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, timely initiation of prophylaxis and treatment, along with antiretroviral therapy, re?duced the risk of severe clinical events and respiratory failure. Also, timely recognition of complications of mechanical ventilation, identification of infection, early extubation and application of appropriate antibiotic therapy, reduce the mortality from nosocomial pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant hospital strains of microorganisms.

Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia Mimicking Miliary Tuberculosis in a Kidney Transplanted Patient

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Young Jung ◽  
Kyoung Hoon Rhee ◽  
Dong Hoe Koo ◽  
I-Nae Park ◽  
Tae Sun Shim
Keyword(s):  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia

Socioeconomic and Demographic Statuses as Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV Infected Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuredin Nassir Azmach ◽  
Temam Abrar Hamza ◽  
Awel Abdella Husen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Socioeconomic and demographic statuses are associated with adherence to the treatment of patients with several chronic diseases. However, there is a controversy regarding their impact on adherence among HIV/AIDS patients. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the evidence regarding the association of socioeconomic and demographic statuses with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: The PubMed database was used to search and identify studies concerning about socioeconomic and demographic statuses and HIV/AIDS patients. Data were collected on the association between adherence to ART and varies determinants factors of socioeconomic (income, education, and employment/occupation) and socio-demographic (sex and age). Findings: From 393 potentially-relevant articles initially identified, 35 original studies were reviewed in detail, which contained data that were helpful in evaluating the association between socioeconomic/ demographic statuses and adherence to ART among HIV patients. Two original research study has specifically focused on the possible association between socioeconomic status and adherence to ART. Income, level of education, and employment/occupational status were significantly and positively associated with the level of adherence in 7 studies (36.8%), 7 studies (28.0%), and 4 studies (23.5%) respectively out of 19, 25, and 17 studies reviewed. Sex (being male), and age (per year increasing) were significantly and positively associated with the level of adherence in 5 studies (14.3%), and 9 studies (25.7%) respectively out of 35 studies reviewed. However, the determinant of socioeconomic and demographic statuses was not found to be significantly associated with adherence in studies related to income 9(47.4%), education 17(68.0%), employment/ occupational 10(58.8%), sex 27(77.1%), and age 25(71.4%). Conclusion: The majority of the reviewed studies reported that there is no association between socio- demographic and economic variables and adherence to therapy. Whereas, some studies show that age of HIV patients (per year increasing) and sex (being male) were positively associated with adherence to ART. Among socio-economic factors, the available evidence does not provide conclusive support for the existence of a clear association with adherence to ART among HIV patients. There seems to be a positive trend between socioeconomic factors and adherence to ART in some of the reviewed studies.

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