Abstract
The articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of Northumbrian Old English of the 10th century, of
the nature of external influence, and of the authorship of the glosses. This introduction provides a background to these three
areas. Most of the introduction and contributions examine the Lindisfarne Glosses with some discussion of the Rushworth and Durham
Glosses. Section 2 shows that the Lindisfarne glossator often adds a (first and second
person) pronoun where the Latin has none but allows third person null subjects. Therefore, although the Latin original has obvious
influence, Old English grammar comes through. Section 3 reviews the loss of third person
-th verbal inflection in favor of -s, especially in Matthew. This reduction may be relevant
to the role of external (Scandinavian and British Celtic) influence and is also interesting when the language of the Lindisfarne
and Durham Glosses is compared. In Section 4, the use of overt pronouns, relatives, and
demonstratives shows an early use of th-pronouns, casting doubt on a Norse origin of they.
Section 5 looks at negation mainly from a northern versus southern perspective and Section 6 sums up. Section 7 previews the other
contributions and their major themes, namely possible external (Latin, Norse, or British Celtic) influence, the linguistic
differences among glossators, the spacing of ‘prefixes’ as evidence for grammaticalization, and the role of doublets.
Interrogating the Egypto-Sudanic Arabic Connection
