scholarly journals The Influence of Presentation Format on Responses of Male Sex Offenders to Digital Paintings that illustrate the Consequences Sexual Crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Benta G. Adhiambo Oguda ◽  
George Vikiru ◽  
Christine Wasanga
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

Although art viewing experiences occur in varied contexts, responses of audience may be profoundly affected by the presentation format. In this paper, focus is drawn upon participation in a digital paintings exhibition and visual representation in assessing the responses of male sex offenders to digital paintings that illustrate the consequences of sexual crimes. The relationship between arts and technology is an emerging area of interest in modern research. In addition to the traditional gallery displays, digital technologies have provided new ways of audience participation in arts, enabling more involvement in the way art is consumed. The authors sought to determine the effect of viewing screen projected images in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation and in a gallery display. The study applied brief repeated exposures as described in Mere Exposure research. The study utilized temporary exhibition displays and projection by Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) where the respondents were passive participants, simply viewing the artwork. The participants were drawn from male sexual offenders aged 18-45 years at Nairobi West Prison, a male offenders’ facility in Nairobi City County. Stratified random sampling was used to select 61 male offenders convicted for defilement and rape. Respondents were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions involving viewing in projection by RSVP and gallery display. A five-point Likert scale was used to measure the participants’ responses to digital paintings illustrating consequences of sexual crimes. A Multivariate Analysis was used to assess ratings of the digital paintings against the various components of art. Findings show that painting style, colour schemes, themes and exposure frequency significantly influenced the participants’ responses to the digital paintings. The study recommends use of comparative analysis to determine how exposure to digital paintings impacts differently on other types of audiences.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Personality Profiles of Male Sexual Offenders in Limpopo Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Govender
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

ABSTRACT A critical component in the management of sex offenders is an understanding of their personality traits, which relates to their childhood development, as this could contribute to more effective treatment interventions. This study sought to determine the personality profiles, pertaining to psychopathology, indicators of attachment, aggressive and paranoid characteristics of male sexual offenders. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey at five correctional facilities. The data was collected from 112 sex offenders using the PAI questionnaire. Of the 112 participants, 87.5 percent were single and most of the offenders (56.3 %) did not have any psychopathology. Many sex offenders with Insecure Avoidant Attachment (25.0%) were from single parent families. Most of the respondents (51.8%) have paranoid characteristics, with no significant relationship between marital status and paranoid tendencies in male sex offenders. The most predominant type of attachment in male sex offenders is Insecure Avoidant Attachment with high levels of Personality Disorders in male sex offenders (Borderline and Anti-Social Personality Disorder). A high proportion of the sample displayed aggressive tendencies with those who were unemployed more likely to display more aggression. Respondents who were single displayed more psychopathology than those who were married.

Sexual Murderers: Sex Offender, Murderer, or Both?

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 932-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Beauregard ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Ashley Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Sexual Homicide ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

Sexual murderers perpetrate homicide and rape/sexual abuse, but it is unclear whether they should primarily be considered homicide offenders, sexual offenders, or both. Most studies have merged together different types of non-homicidal sex offenders (NHSOs), neglecting to consider the potential differences between the nonviolent and violent sex offenders. Here, we suggest it is important to isolate those violent sex offenders who inflict severe physical injuries that could potentially lead to a lethal outcome. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to compare different measures of the criminal career on three groups of sex offenders: NHSOs, violent NHSOs, and sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) using data from 616 incarcerated male sex offenders in a Federal penitentiary in Canada. Interestingly, the group of sex offenders with the worst criminal career profile was not the SHOs, but the violent NHSOs. Violent NHSOs had the greatest number of prior convictions and the most varied and versatile criminal career. Therefore, we suggest that based on their criminal career, SHOs should be considered more as murderers than sex offenders. However, to fully answer this question, future studies should include a group of non-sexual homicide offenders.

Personality and Criminal Profile of Adolescent Sexual Offenders, General Offenders in Comparison to Nonoffenders

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Valliant ◽  
Tracy Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Offenders ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Adult Sex Offenders ◽  
Criminal Profile ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

16 adolescent male sex offenders and 13 general offenders were compared with 13 nonoffenders on psychometric tests to investigate differences in their general intelligence, personality, and criminal attitudes. There were no significant differences in general intelligence amongst the groups. Examination of personality scores and criminal attitudes showed that the sex offenders were more socially isolated, more assaultive, and more resentful than the general offenders. Present results, if replicated with larger samples, suggest treatment of adolescent sex offenders in a manner similar to that used in the treatment of adult sex offenders.

The Co-morbidity of Pedophilia and Zoophilia in Male Sex Offenders

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronna J. Dillinger ◽  
Susan L. Amato ◽  
Kelly Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

The 2015 Static-99R: Alternative Recidivism Tables for High-Risk Offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (14) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Elwood ◽  
Sharon M. Kelley ◽  
James C. Mundt
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sexual Recidivism ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Sexually Violent ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sexually Violent Person ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

The Static-99R is an actuarial scale that is commonly used to assess the recidivism risk of male sex offenders. Hanson, Thornton, Helmus, and Babchishin recently revised the Static-99R norms based on revised analyses that excluded the large Bridgewater sample. As a result, the sample size of the high risk/high need (HR/HN) group was reduced substantially, which increased the confidence intervals around the predicted recidivism rates. This study provides alternative 5- and 10-year recidivism rates based on logistic regression analyses of the entire 2009 Static-99R HR/HN group that includes the Bridgewater sample. These rates fit the observed 2009 data well and have smaller confidence intervals. We propose that using alternative sexual recidivism rates from the 2009 HR/HN group is a viable option for assessing sexually violent person (SVP) and other high-risk offenders.

Male Sex Offenders

1990 ◽  
pp. 271-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene G. Abel ◽  
Joanne-L. Rouleau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

Predictive Validity of the Static-99 and Static-99R in Switzerland

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-219
Author(s):  
Leonel C. Gonçalves ◽  
Juliane Gerth ◽  
Astrid Rossegger ◽  
Thomas Noll ◽  
Jérôme Endrass
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Sexual Recidivism ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Cut Score ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Male Sex Offenders

This study evaluated the validity of the Static-99 and Static-99R in assessing sexual recidivism in Switzerland, based on a sample of 142 male sex offenders. Both tools showed predictive validity, but the Static-99R had better discrimination (OR = 1.82, AUC = .81) and calibration (Brier = .078, P/E = 0.96) than the Static-99. A cut score of four on the Static-99R maximized sensitivity (92.9%) and specificity (60.2%). However, although most offenders (98.7%) with a score < 4 did not commit sexual offenses in the 5-year follow-up period, only one in five (20.3%) offenders with a score ≥ 4 actually recidivated. Furthermore, the predicted number of recidivists in the well above average risk category (Static-99R ≥ 6) was 24% higher than expected in routine samples. The results suggest that the Static-99R may be a useful screening tool to identify low-risk individuals but offenders with scores ≥ 4 should be subjected to a more thorough assessment.

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