scholarly journals Citizen science

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Per Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Organizational Power ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Choice Of Technology

How do civic educators and citizen communities co-construct access, interaction, and participation and bridge contributory and democratized citizen science? This study builds on interviews and observations with amateur naturalists, professional biologists, and public authorities about their participation in the Species Observations System (SO)—Norway’s largest citizen science (CS) project. Over more than twenty years, CS has been understood as either contributory (contributing with data) or democratized (emancipating the pursuit of science). Following these models, CS studies has developed a number of classifications of CS projects. The present article aims to bridge contributory CS and democratized CS by using the access, interaction, and participation (AIP) model outlined by Carpentier, without extending the number of classifications. Access and interaction signify contributory CS. Well-functioning technology is a precondition for joining the ranks of records, contributors, validators, and institutional actors. Interaction is the second founding stone of participation, and organizations are crucial to facilitating interaction. Participation signifies democratized CS. The choice of technology involves important dimensions of power, as technology structures actions. However, the ability to build and sustain the technological infrastructure also illustrates that participation is organizational power, enacted both from the bottom-up and top-down.

Contemporary Issues and Christian Models of Integration: Into the Modern/Postmodern Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Dsm Iv

Model building in Christian psychology has gradually become increasingly outdated and unsophisticated over the past decade, particularly in light of postmodern challenges to the limitations of received modern scientific perspectives and social practices. The present article draws from Rychlak's (1993) “complementarity” model, Sperry's (1993) “bidirectional determinism” concept, and Engel's (1977) biopsychosocial formulation to develop a multiperspectival, holistic framework drawing on the strengths of both modern and postmodern approaches. The proposed model includes inferences from both top down and bottom up formulations, as well as potential for interactions between or among any of the various “groundings” for psychological theories. Such a model seems more faithful to both biblical and scientific perspectives, and thus may provide a more accurate and comprehensive view of persons to facilitate more effective research and treatment. A clinical example is provided with DSM-IV descriptive and criterion referents.

scholarly journals Les approches et les stratégies gouvernementales de mise en oeuvre des politiques éducatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anylène Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Politiques Publiques ◽  
Mise En Œuvre

Les politiques éducatives se multiplient à l’échelle des pays industrialisés, mais elles semblent n’obtenir que difficilement des résultats concrets et satisfaisants. La mise en oeuvre d’une politique, notamment par les stratégies gouvernementales « hybrides » choisies, c’est-à-dire des stratégies qui misent à la fois sur des approches descendantes (top-down) et (bottom-up), semble être un élément clé à considérer pour l’efficience de cette politique. Or, les connaissances concernant ces stratégies d’implantation sont éparses et partielles. Le présent article pose donc le problème de la mise en oeuvre des politiques éducatives, au regard des stratégies gouvernementales utilisées. Il présente l’évolution historique des différentes perspectives analytiques qui ont existé dans le domaine de la mise en oeuvre des politiques éducatives et des stratégies gouvernementales sélectionnées afin d’en comprendre les tenants, les apports et les limites. S’appuyant sur deux revues extensives des écrits réalisées sur la mise en oeuvre et les stratégies gouvernementales qui relèvent du domaine des politiques publiques et des politiques éducatives, ce texte propose ensuite une synthèse des plus récentes connaissances en matière de stratégies gouvernementales efficaces à déployer, ainsi qu’un modèle novateur permettant d’aborder et d’étudier ces stratégies gouvernementales au moment d’introduire des changements en éducation.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Top-down vs. bottom-up: When instructions overcome automatic retrieval

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kiesel ◽  
F. Waszak ◽  
R. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Automatic Retrieval

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Control of Oculomotor Responses in Dual Tasks

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pieczykolan ◽  
Lynn Huestegge
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Dual Tasks ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Oculomotor Responses

Optimierung des Screenings auf Mangelernährung im Krankenhaus durch „bottom up“ und „top down“ Strategien – Das Krefelder Projekt

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Frieling ◽  
S Kalde ◽  
C Dorka ◽  
B Krummen ◽  
J Heise
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Optimalisasi Ekonomi Syariah Untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Mewujudkan Goodgovernance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sadari Sadari ◽  
Nurhidayat Nurhidayat ◽  
Rafiqah Rafiqah
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Humanisme religius telah mengantarkan pada era kesadaran bahwa peradaban manusia harus memiliki dua arus yang saling menunjang. Selama ini arus balik dalam bidang ekonomi hanya menonjolkan arus balik vertikal atas kebawah (model top down) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis, sedangkan di sisi lain mengesampingkan arus balik vertikal dari bawah ke atas (model bottom up) yang didominasi oleh sistem ekonomi syariah, sehingga dampaknya adalah adanya kesenjangan ekonomi yang sangat tajam. Paper ini mewujudkan peran penting, yakni menghubungkan dua arus tersebut secara timbal-balik, yakni mempertemukan arus pertama dengan arus balik kedua, sehingga akan menghasilkan dampak yang positif, progresif, kreatif dan produktif, kemudian pada akhirnya akan dapat meng-optomal-kan ekonomi syariah untuk menciptakan goodgovernance, post goodgovernance secara berkelanjutan, tentunya dengan bantuan peran media kontemporer yang kian update. Ekonomi syariah juga merupakan pilar dan nilai dasar, dari sikap keyakinan dan sikap rasionalitas untuk sanggup menciptakan terwujudnya pemberdayaan dan kesejahteraan sekaligus pengentasan kemiskinan dalam masyarakat di Indonesia.

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