scholarly journals Railroad Capital Stock Changes in the Post-Deregulation Period

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gregory Bereskin
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Class I ◽  
Exact Constant ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Errors In Variables ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Constant Dollar ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares

This paper involves the estimation of a model of railway road and equipment capital stocks and the changes in their levels that have occurred since 1983. The model is based on balancing the level of investment and the level of degradation of the capital stocks to create a data series for roadway capital and for equipment capital. A two-stage least squares errors in variables model is applied. This is appropriate as degradation and exact constant dollar investment are not directly observable. Results obtained from the model indicate that Class I railroads have increased their absolute capital stock levels over the period examined. This holds for both roadway and equipment capital although roadway capital has increased at a somewhat faster rate.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PENERAPAN AGREED EXPORT TONNAGE SCHEME (AETS) TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI KARET INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Linda Purwaningrat ◽  
Tanti Novianti ◽  
Saktyanu K Dermoredjo
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares

Karet merupakan komoditi rakyat yang berkontribusi besar bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Namun harga karet alam berfluktuasi dengan tren menurun, sehingga mempengaruhi pendapatan negara dan kesejahteraan petani karet Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, negara – negara produsen karet alam alam forum ITRC bersepakat untuk melakukan pembatasan ekspor dengan skema yang kemudian disebut agreed export tonnage scheme (AETS) sebagai upaya stabilisasi harga karet di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak penerapan AETS sebagai kebijakan perdagangan karet alam terhadap kesejahteraan petani karet Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan model ekonometrik dalam bentuk sistem persamaan simultan yang diestimasi dengan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) menggunakan data series tahunan 1992–2017. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan AETS mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Adapun kesejahteraan petani yang paling tinggi diperoleh apabila seluruh negara anggota ITRC menerapkan AETS sesuai dengan kesepakatan.

scholarly journals Model Persamaan Simultan pada Analisis Hubungan Kemiskian dan PDRB

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Rokhana Dwi Bekti ◽  
David David ◽  
Gita N ◽  
Priscillia Priscillia ◽  
Serlyana Serlyana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Two Stage Least Squares ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simultaneous Model

Simultaneous model is a model for some equation which have simultaneous relationships. It was often found in econometrics, such as the relationship between Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) and poverty. GDP is a common indicator that can be used to determine the economic growth occurred in region. Meanwhile, poverty is one of the indicators to measure the society welfare. Information about these relathionships were important to perform the relathionsips between GDP and poverty. So this research conducted an analysis to obtain simultaneous models between GDRP and poverty. Estimation of the parameters used is Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation (2SLS). The data used are 33 provinces in Indonesia at 2010. By α = 5%, it was conclude that variable which significant effect on GDRP is poverty, export, and import. Meanwhile, the variables that significantly affect poverty are population. The simultaneous model (α = 5%) also conclude that there is no simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty. However, with α = 25%, there is a simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty.

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