A case of bipartite patella and vastus notch from Kneževići hillfort - Malo Libinje, Croatia

Here we present six adult patellae with superolateral concave defects observed amongst the remains of at least 28 individuals retrieved from four Late Iron Age burials from Kneževići hillfort - Malo Libinje, Croatia. The right patella of an adult individual displays a rough-edged concave defect on superolateral side of the bone called bipartite patella. Other five patellae show concave defects with smooth edges also located on superolateral side; a defect known as vastus notch. Though physically similar, the two conditions are etiologically distinct. A large amount of observed cases of vastus notch in this assemblage may indicate that these individuals frequently performed activities involving kneeling and/or squatting. This is the first documented case of joint occurrence of bipartite patella and vastus notch in a Croatian skeletal assemblage, but also the largest amount of patellae with vastus notch in an archaeological population from Croatia recorded so far.

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Archaeological investigations on the Süttő plateau in 2018

Dissertationes Archaeologicae ◽

10.17204/dissarch.2018.527 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 527-539

Author(s):

Zoltán Czajlik ◽

Katalin Novinszki-Groma ◽

László Rupnik ◽

András Bödőcs ◽

Eszter Fejér ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Burial Site ◽

Archaeological Heritage ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽

History Of ◽

The Right ◽

Archaeological Sciences

The Early Iron Age site complex of Süttő is located on a loess plateau on the right bank of the Danube. After a long history of research of the Early Iron Age fortified settlement, tumulus groups and flat cemetery, between 2013–2017, some pioneer investigations were carried out using non-invasive methods. In 2018, members of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University and the Archaeological Heritage Protection Directorate of the Hungarian National Museum conducted an interdisciplinary research project (archaeological excavation, geophysical measurements, metal detecting survey, systematic field walking, geological drilling) on the plateau in the framework of the Interreg DTP Iron Age Danube project. As a result of intensive research, it became clear that aside from the Early Iron Age necropolis, the eastern part of the plateau was used as a burial site in the Early Bronze Age, as a settlement in the Late Bronze Age, and we must consider the existence of a Late Iron Age settlement in this area as well.

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Iron Age and Roman Enclosed Settlement at Winchester Road, Basingstoke

Hampshire Studies ◽

10.24202/hs2019003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 36-97

Author(s):

Richard Massey ◽

Matt Nichol ◽

Dana Challinor ◽

Sharon Clough ◽

Matilda Holmes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Roman Period ◽

Field Boundary ◽

Crop Processing ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Middle Iron Age ◽

Grave Goods

Excavation in Area 1 identified an enclosed settlement of Middle–Late Iron Age and Early Roman date, which included a roundhouse gully and deep storage pits with complex fills. A group of undated four-post structures, situated in the east of Area 1, appeared to represent a specialised area of storage or crop processing of probable Middle Iron Age date. A sequence of re-cutting and reorganisation of ditches and boundaries in the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period was followed, possibly after a considerable hiatus, by a phase of later Roman activity, Late Iron Age reorganisation appeared to be associated with the abandonment of a roundhouse, and a number of structured pit deposits may also relate to this period of change. Seven Late Iron Age cremation burials were associated with a contemporary boundary ditch which crossed Area 1. Two partly-exposed, L-shaped ditches may represent a later Roman phase of enclosed settlement and a slight shift in settlement focus. An isolated inhumation burial within the northern margins of Area 1 was tentatively dated by grave goods to the Early Saxon period.<br/> Area 2 contained a possible trackway and field boundary ditches, of which one was of confirmed Late Iron Age/Early Roman date. A short posthole alignment in Area 2 was undated, and may be an earlier prehistoric feature.

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Middle and Late Iron Age Occupation at Cadnam Farm, Alton, Hampshire

Hampshire Studies ◽

10.24202/hs2018004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 110-136

Author(s):

Oliver Good ◽

Richard Massey

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

The South ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

South West ◽

Middle Iron Age

Three individual areas, totalling 0.55ha, were excavated at the Cadnam Farm site, following evaluation. Area 1 contained a D-shaped enclosure of Middle Iron Age date, associated with the remains of a roundhouse, and a ditched drove-way. Other features included refuse pits, a four-post structure and a small post-built structure of circular plan. Area 2 contained the superimposed foundation gullies of two Middle Iron Age roundhouses, adjacent to a probable third example. Area 3 contained a small number of Middle Iron Age pits, together with undated, post-built structures of probable Middle Iron Age date, including a roundhouse and four and six-post structures. Two large boundary ditches extended from the south-west corner of Area 3, and were interpreted as the funnelled entrance of a drove-way. These contained both domestic and industrial refuse of the late Iron Age date in their fills.

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A Late Iron Age farmstead in the Outer Hebrides

10.2307/j.ctvh1dmrf ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Outer Hebrides

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A Neo-Assyrian statue from Til Barsib

Iraq ◽

10.1017/s0021088900003181 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 79-87

Author(s):

Arlette Roobaert

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Lower Portion ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Clear Indication ◽

Large Hole ◽

Relative Placement ◽

The Right ◽

As If ◽

Medium Texture

During the 1993 season of excavations at Tell Ahmar, three pieces of a life-size basalt statue were found in a pit dug into one of the large walls surrounding an Iron Age vaulted tomb (Fig. 1). The head, the tors o and the lower part fitted together perfectly. When correctly assembled, these three pieces formed the figure of a standing beardless man with clasped hands (Fig. 2a−b). Only the feet were missing. The maximum height of the reconstructed statue is 1.45m. It was clear from the damage to portions of its body that the statue had been deliberately broken in antiquity. Details, such as a large hole on the right side of the chest, a smaller one on the top of the head and, above all, the defacement of the head suggest that the statue may have actually been “killed”.All three pieces of the statue, which was carved out of a blue greyish basalt of medium texture, were found lying on their backs (Fig. 4). The head lay next to the lower part of the statue, but was buried in a slightly deeper position. The relative placement of these fragments seems to be a clear indication that the statue was not knocked down at this particular spot, but was brought to this location in separate pieces, perhaps with the deliberate intention of burying them.The head was cut off as if the statue had been decapitated. The torso was separated from the lower portion of the statue by an oblique cut that divided the figure just below the waist. The cut runs downwards from the back and continues underneath the clasped hands at the front, leaving the hands almost completely undamaged. The lower part of the statue seems to have been separated from the missing feet by a horizontal cut. This may indicate that the base of the statue was left in situ, probably because it was solidly set in the ground.

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Survival after trepanation—Early cranial surgery from Late Iron Age Switzerland

International Journal of Paleopathology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpp.2015.08.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 56-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Negahnaz Moghaddam ◽

Simone Mailler-Burch ◽

Levent Kara ◽

Fabian Kanz ◽

Christian Jackowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Cranial Surgery ◽

Late Iron Age

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The Romano-British Shrines at Brigstock, Northants

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500051994 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 228-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ernest Greenfield

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Fourth Century ◽

Third Century ◽

The Third ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Polygonal Shape

SummaryTwo shrines of circular and polygonal shape, probably part of a larger group, were erected early in the second half of the third century A.D., and occupied until late in the fourth century. The shrines occur in an area of widespread settlement dating from the late Iron Age until the end of the fourth century. Many objects of bronze and iron of ritual significance, together with a large number of votive deposits and coins, were recovered from the circular shrine. Miss M. V. Taylor's discussion of the principal objects appears on pp. 264–8.

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