scholarly journals Availability and Accessibility of Essential Drugs for Rare Disorders in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Rawson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
Rare Disorders ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Conditional Access

In 2021, the Rare Disease Treatment Access Working Group (RDTAWG) of the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium, a European Union funded organization, published a list of medicinal products that they considered to be essential for the treatment of rare conditions. This study assesses the availability and accessibility of the RDTAWG medicines in Canada by comparing whether the rare disorder medicines approved for marketing in the United States also had regulatory approval for the same indication in Canada, and whether those medicines are ultimately covered under the 10 provincial government drug plans and the federal Non-Insured Health Benefits plan for indigenous persons. Data available at the end of August 2021 were accessed from the relevant online drug formularies. Most (85%) of the medicines with regulatory approval in the United States were also approved for the same indication in Canada. However, only just over half were covered by either open or conditional access in government drug plans, with the proportion ranging from under 36% in Manitoba to two-thirds in New Brunswick. Approximately 20% of the medicines had open access in all the plans, whereas the proportion with conditional access ranged from 13% in Manitoba to 45% in Ontario and New Brunswick. The average rate of coverage for medicines for disorders with a prevalence of ≤1 per 100,000 was only 28%, compared with 56% for disorders with a prevalence ranging from >1 case per 100,000 persons up to 1 case per 10,000 persons, and 60% for disorders with a prevalence of >1 case per 10,000 persons. Access to many medicines regarded by experts in the RDTAWG as essential for the welfare of individuals with rare disorders is inadequate to poor in Canada, especially for ultra-rare conditions. The federal Liberals and NDP are keen to introduce some type of national pharmacare. Any program developed by Canada’s governments must ensure that Canadians will have publicly funded access to all rare disorder medicines.

scholarly journals Trends Analysis of rhBMP2 Utilization in Single-Level Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Lao ◽  
Jeremiah R. Cohen ◽  
Zorica Buser ◽  
Darrel S. Brodke ◽  
S. Tim Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
National Database ◽  
Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Single Level

Study Design: Retrospective case study. Objective: To evaluate the trends and demographics of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) utilization in single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in the United States. Methods: Patients who underwent single-level ALIF from 2005 to 2011 were identified by searching ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes in the PearlDiver Patient Records Database (PearlDiver Technologies, Fort Wayne, IN), a national database of orthopedic insurance records. The year of procedure, age, gender, and region of the United States were analyzed for each patient. Results: A total of 921 patients were identified who underwent a single-level ALIF in this study. The average rate of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 utilization increased (35%-48%) from 2005 to 2009, but sharply decreased to 16.7% in 2010 and 15.0% in 2011. The overall incidence of single-level ALIF without rhBMP2 (0.20 cases per 100 000 patients) was more than twice of the incidence of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 (0.09 cases per 100 000 patients). The average rate of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 utilization is highest in West (41.4%), followed by Midwest (33.3%), South (26.5%) and Northeast (22.2%). The highest incidence of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 was observed in the group aged less than 65 years (compared with any other age groups, P < .001), with an incidence of 0.21 per 100 000 patients. Conclusions: The incidence of rhBMP2 utilization in single-level ALIF increased from 2006 to 2009, but decreased in 2010 and 2011. The Northeast region had the lowest incidence of rhBMP2 utilization. The group aged less than 65 years trended to have the higher incidence of single-level ALIF with rhBMP2 utilization.

scholarly journals immigration of Argentinean Jews to Winnipeg : Emigration and Successful Settlement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Reuben Covshoff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Currency Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Jewish Federation ◽  
Market Approach ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

Manitoba has strategized from 2002 onwards to incorporate a free-market approach into Manitoba's Provincial Nominee Programme in order to fulfill its labour market goals. In the grand scheme of attracting new Argentinean Jewish immigrants, it was an opportunity for these people to leave their homeland that was suffering under an economic depression and a currency crisis. Both the provincial government (through the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Programme) and an ethno-cultural institution (the Jewish Federation of Winnipeg) forged a partnership that matched these immigrants with jobs and also helped integrate them into the Winnipeg Jewish community. Seventeen interviews of Argentinean Jews now living in Winnipeg explained how they had a choice of emigrating to Spain, Israel or the United States but they selected Winnipeg and they give their reasons for doing so.

William Diller Matthew, 1871 - 1930

1932 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
American Museum ◽  
Vertebrate Palaeontology

William Diller Matthew was the eldest child of Dr. G. E. Matthew, of New Brunswick, an amateur geologist, who, by his great collections and excellent papers, added much to our knowledge of that part of Canada. Dr. Matthew was born on February 19,1871, in St. John, New Brunswick ; throughout his life he retained an interest in this town, visiting it yearly, except when abroad, and retaining his Canadian nationality during nearly forty years’ residence in the United States. Dr. Matthew was introduced to geological methods by his father, and sent at first to the small University of Halifax, whence in 1892 he proceeded to Columbia University as a graduate-student, there studying geology, mineralogy and metallurgy. He graduated Ph.D. in 1895. In that year he was selected by Professor H. F. Osborn, whose classes he had attended, as assistant in the department of Vertebrate Palaeontology in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. In this department he worked for thirty-two years, finally becoming Curator-in-chief of the division of geology, mineralogy and palaeontology.

scholarly journals Summary of Linezolid Activity and Resistance Mechanisms Detected during the 2012 LEADER Surveillance Program for the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Patricia A. Hogan ◽  
James E. Ross ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThis study summarizes the linezolid susceptibility testing results for 7,429 Gram-positive pathogens from 60 U.S. sites collected during the 2012 sampling year for the LEADER Program. Linezolid showed potent activity when tested against 2,980Staphylococcus aureusisolates, inhibiting all but 3 at ≤2 μg/ml. Similarly, linezolid showed coverage against 99.5% of enterococci, as well as for all streptococci tested. These results confirm a long record of linezolid activity against U.S. Gram-positive isolates since regulatory approval in 2000.

scholarly journals A molecular epidemiological analysis of the incursion of the raccoon strain of rabies virus into Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. NADIN-DAVIS ◽  
F. MULDOON ◽  
A. I. WANDELER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Index Cases

Three physically separate incursions of the raccoon strain of rabies have entered Canada, two into eastern Ontario in 1999 and one into New Brunswick in 2000. The course of these epizootics is described. Phylogenetic analysis of the index cases from these two provinces with raccoon rabies viruses representative of this strain in the United States supported the independence of these incursions into Canada via cross-border transmission from the United States. Genetic characterization of 190 isolates from these two Canadian provinces over a 550-bp region of the variable central portion of the viral P gene distinguished 14 variants in Ontario and five in New Brunswick although in both regions the variant represented by the initial case was most commonly encountered. The quasi-species nature of the Ontario virus was analysed using isolates taken at different times during the main outbreak to examine whether viral variation was increasing with time as well as changing in nature. These data provide a framework for study of future incursions of this rabies strain into Canada.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document