“An Embassy to a Golf Course?”: Conundrums on the Road to the United States’ Diplomatic Representation to the Holy See, 1784–1984
This chapter discusses how relations between the United States and the Vatican doubled as a political capitol engaged in shifting patterns of diplomacy with an emerging North American nation. Conducted as an amiably low-key, informal relationship in the post-revolutionary period, the growth of American power—and an even more rapidly growing Catholic population—intrigued the Vatican, which in turn infuriated many non-Catholic U.S. citizens whenever the prospect of formal diplomatic recognition loomed. Protestants and other Americans questioned why the nation's lone church beholden to a foreign potentate should be thus rewarded. When the Lateran Treaty of 1929 guaranteed Italy's recognition of Vatican City's sovereignty, the U.S government was faced with the delicate task of reckoning with—and sometimes abetting—the church's global diplomatic initiatives.