Gibberellic and Indole Acetic Acids Producing Features of Bacteria from the Genus Lactobacillus and their Effect on Plant Development

The stratified squamous epithelium which lines the ruminal compartment of the bovine stomach performs at least three important functions. (1) The upper keratinized layer forms a protective shield against the rough, fibrous, constantly moving ingesta. (2) It is an organ of absorption since a number of substances are absorbed directly through the epithelium. These include short chain fatty acids, potassium, sodium and chloride ions, water, and many others. (3) The cells of the deeper layers metabolize butyric acid and to a lesser extent propionic and acetic acids which are the fermentation products of rumen digestion. Because of the functional characteristics, this epithelium is important in the digestive process of ruminant species which convert large quantities of rough, fibrous feed into energy.Tissue used in this study was obtained by biopsy through a rumen fistula from clinically healthy, yearling holstein steers. The animals had been fed a typical diet of hay and grain and the ruminal papillae were fully developed. The tissue was immediately immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to a pH of 7.4 and fixed for 2 hrs. The tissue blocks were embedded in Vestapol-W, sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome with glass knives and stained with lead hydroxide. The sections were studied with an RCA EMU 3F electron microscope.

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Plant development: Split ends

Nature China ◽

10.1038/nchina.2009.136 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Felix Cheung

Keyword(s):

Plant Development ◽

Split Ends

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EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS BY LECTIN AND LECTIN-BACTERIAL COMPOSITION ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY

Sel skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya ◽

10.15389/agrobiology.2012.1.98eng ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 98-104

Author(s):

E.V. Kirichenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Plant Development ◽

Bacterial Composition ◽

Physiological Indexes ◽

Wheat Seeds

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ACCUMULATION OF PHENOLICS IN ELEUTHERO (ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS (RUPR. ET MAXIM.) MAXIM.) AS AFFECTED BY PLANT DEVELOPMENT

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2017.4.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 89-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarzyna Bączek ◽

Jarosław L. Przybył ◽

Olga Kosakowska ◽

Zenon Węglarz

Keyword(s):

Plant Development ◽

Eleutherococcus Senticosus

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Composition Studies on Tobacco XXXlX: Changes in Smoke Composition and Filtration by Artificial Alteration of Smoke pH: Formic and Acetic Acids and Volatile Phenols

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0224 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

L. Lakritz ◽

R.L. Stedman ◽

E.D. Strange

Keyword(s):

Composition Studies ◽

Volatile Phenols ◽

Acetic Acids

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Catalytic Enantioselective Benzylation Directly from Aryl Acetic Acids

10.26434/chemrxiv.7119887.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Moon ◽

Zhongyu Wie ◽

Rylan Lundgren

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Terminal Event ◽

Radical Intermediates ◽

Carbon Carbon Bond ◽

Or Groups ◽

Reaction Proceeds ◽

Wide Availability ◽

Metal Catalyzed ◽

The Stability ◽

Acetic Acids

The stability and wide availability of carboxylic acids make them valuable reagents in chemical synthesis. Most transition metal catalyzed processes using carboxylic acid substrates are initiated by a decarboxylation event that generates reactive carbanion or radical intermediates. Developing enantioselective methodologies relying on these principles can be challenging, as highly reactive species tend to react indiscriminately without selectivity. Furthermore, anionic or radical intermediates generated from decarboxylation can be incompatible with protic and electrophilic functionality, or groups that undergo trapping with radicals. We demonstrate that metal-catalyzed enantioselective benzylation reactions of allylic electrophiles can occur directly from aryl acetic acids. The reaction proceeds via a pathway in which decarboxylation is the terminal event, occurring after stereoselective carbon–carbon bond formation. The mechanistic features of the process enable enantioselective benzylation without the generation of a highly basic nucleophile. Thus, the process has broad functional group compatibility that would not be possible employing established protocols.<br>

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